MISCELLANEOUS FACTS AND FIGURES. 



627 



moved to Philadelphia, where it remained until 

 1800, since which time it has been in Wash- 

 ington. 



Wireless Telegraphy. Of the several 

 systems for telegraphing without wires, that 

 devised by Signor Marconi has been- most 

 before the public. Early in 1899 messages 

 were successfully sent by this system from 

 South Foreland, England, across the English 

 channel to Boulogne, France, a distance of 32 

 miles. A full description of the apparatus 

 used and of the experiments themselves was 

 published in a paper by Signor Marconi, read 

 before the Institute of Electrical P^ngineers of 

 London. In September, 1899, Signor Marconi 

 and several assistants came to America to 

 report the international yacht races off Sandy 

 Hook by wireless telegraphy. Sending appa- 

 ratus were placed on two steamers which fol- 

 lowed the yachts, and receiving apparatus 

 were placed, one on the cable fship Mackay- 

 Bennett, anchored near the Sandy Hook light- 

 ship, and the other on shore at the Highlands 

 of Navesink. Bulletins of the progress of the 

 races were sent from the following steamers 

 to the receiving stations, and from them by 

 wire to the office of the New York Herald. 

 After the yacht races, tests were made by 

 Signor Marconi in conjunction with the 

 Signal Corps of the United States Army and 

 with the Navy Department. The report of 

 the inspecting board in the Navy Department 

 tests was quite favorable to the utility of the 

 system for communicating between vessels at 

 sea. 



The system is well adapted for use in 

 squadron signaling under conditions of rain, 

 fog, darkness, and motion of ship. 



Marconi's system has been the means of 

 stimulating a number of investigators. 



Capacity of Cisterns. 



FOR EACH 10 INCHES IN DEPTH. 



Twenty-five feet in diameter holds 3059 gallons 



Twenty feet in diameter holds 1958 gallons 



Fifteen feet in diameter holds 1101 gallons 



'fourteen feet in diameter holds 95!) gallons 



Th i rteen feet in diameter holds 827 gallons 



Twelve feet in diameter holds 705 gallons 



Eleven feet in diameter holds 592 gallons 



Ten feet in diameter holds 489 gallons 



Nine feet in diameter holds 396 gallons 



Eight feet in diameter holds 313 gallons 



Seven feet in diameter holds 239 gallons 



Six and one half feet in diameter holds 206 gallons 



Six feet in diameter holds 176 gallons 



Five feet in diameter holds 122 gallons 



Four and one half feet in diameter holds. . . 99 gallons 



Four feet in diameter holds 78 gallons 



Three feet in diameter holds. . , 44 gallons 



Two and one half feet in diameter holds 30 gallons 



Two feet in diameter holds 19 gallons 



The Roman Month was divided into 

 Calends, Nones, and Ides. The Calends always 

 fell upon the first of the month ; in March, May, 

 July, and October, the Nones on the 7th and 



the Ides on the loth, and in the remaining 

 months, the Nones on the 5th and the Ides on 

 the 13th. The Roman year began with March, 

 and the months corresponded with ours ex- 

 cept that their fifth and sixth months were 

 called Quintilis and Sextilis. Afterwards they 

 were changed to July and August in honor of 

 the emperors Julius and Augustus. 



The Limits of Vision vary with eleva- 

 tion, conditions of the atmosphere, intensity 

 of illumination, and other modifying elements 

 in different cases. On a clear day an object 

 one foot above a level plain may be seen at a 

 distance of 1.31 miles ; one 10 feet high, 4.15 

 miles; one 20 feet high, 5.86 miles; one 100 

 feet high, 13.1 miles ; one a mile high, as the 

 top of a mountain, 95.23 miles.- This allows 

 7 inches ; or, to be exact, 6.99 inches, for the 

 curvature of the earth, and assumes that the 

 size and illumination of the object are suffi- 

 cient to produce an image. 



Mottoes of the States. Arkansas. 

 Regnant populi : The people rule. California. 

 Eureka: I have found it. Colorado. Nil 

 sine numine : Nothing without the Divinity. 

 Connecticut. Qui transtulit sustinet : He who 

 has transferred, sustains. Delaware. Liberty 

 and Independence, Florida. In God is our 

 trust. Georgia. Wisdom, Justice, Modera- 

 tion. Illinois. State Sovereignty and Na- 

 tional Union. Iowa. Our liberties we prize, - 

 and our rights we will maintain. Kansas. 

 A d astra per aspera : To the stars through rug- 

 ged ways. Kentucky. United we stand, di- 

 vided we fall. Louisiana. Union and Con- 

 fidence. Maine. Dirigo : I direct. Mary- 

 land. Crescite et multiplicamini : Increase and 

 multiply. Massachusetts. Ense petit placidam 

 sub liberlate quietem : By her sword she seeks 

 under liberty a calm repose. Michigan. Si 

 quceris peninsulam amcenam circumspice : If thou 

 seekest a beautiful peninsula, look around. 

 Minnesota. L'Etoile du Nord: The Star of 

 the North. Missouri. Salus populi suprema' 

 lex esto : Let the welfare of the people be the 

 supreme law. Nebraska. Popular Sovereignty. 

 Nevada. Volens et potens : Willing and able. 

 New Jersey. Liberty and Independence. New 

 York. Excelsior: Higher. Ohio. Imperium 

 in imperio: An empire within an empire. 

 Oregon. Alis volat propriis : She flies with her 

 own wings. Pennsylvania. Virtue, Liberty, 

 Independence. Rhode Island. Hope. North 

 'Carolina. Esse quam videri : To be, rather 

 than to seem. South Carolina. Animis opibus- 

 que parati : Ready with our lives and property. 

 Tennessee. Agriculture, Commerce. Ver- 

 mont. Freedom and Unity. Virginia. Sic 

 semper tyrannis : So be it ever to tyrants. West 

 Virginia. Montani semper liberi : The moun- 



