CETEWAYO 



CEYLON 



77 



illi|is, it may him- reached a length of ">O feet, 



1 uhen standing at ease' was probably not less 

 in in feet in height ami of a bulk in |iro|iorlioii. 

 .i|ipe.ir~ to have frequented the marshes and 



ver ^ides of tlie period, and to have been a vege- 

 il.le feeder. 'I'lie word is also spelt Cetiosaurus. 



4Vf>\vayo. See ZULUS. 



4 VI in je (also spelt Cettignf), capital of Monte- 

 negro, lies in a rocky valley 2093 feet above sea- 

 level, and 17 miles h. of Cattaro, with which it is 

 connected by a carriage road. It is the residence of 

 the |iriii<-e. .-in. I of an archimandrite, and consists of 

 apretentioua palace, a few private houses, an 

 tol, arsenal, theatre (which serves also for 



16 state library and national museum), hospital, 



eologieal seminary, gymnasium, and a girl's nigh- 



hool, maintained at the charge of the Empress of 

 Uu>sia. Behind the palace is an elm, under which 

 the prince delivers judgments. Pop. 2200. 



Cetotolites* a name given by Owen to fossil 

 cetacean ear-bones, which occur in great abund- 

 ance in the Red Crag of Suffolk (see PLIOCENE). 

 They are rubbed and water-worn, and have 

 evidently been washed out of some earlier strata, 

 which remain yet unrecognised. The extent of 

 these earlier strata must have been very great, 

 seeing that the crag beds now extend over a large 

 district in Essex and Suffolk, and attain a thick- 

 ness in some places of not less than 40 feet. 

 Professor Henslow in 1843 drew the attention of 

 agricultural chemists to this deposit as a source of 

 materials for manure, and since then superphos- 

 phate manures have been manufactured from it to 

 the value of many thousand pounds annually ; a 

 striking example of the valuable practical results 

 which frequently flow from a purely scientific dis- 

 covery. 



Cette, an important seaport town of France, in 

 the department of Herault, is built on a neck of 

 land between the lagoon of Thaxi and the Mediter- 

 ranean, 23 miles SW. of Montpellier. The space 

 inclosed by the piers and breakwater forming the 

 harlxnir can accommodate about 400 vessels ; and 

 the harbour is defended by forts. A broad deep 

 canal, lined with excellent quays, connects the port 

 with the Lake of Thau, and so with the Canal du 

 Midi and the Rhone, thus giving to Cette an ex- 

 tensive inland traffic ; it has likewise an active 

 foreign commerce. The principal trade is in wine, 

 brandy, salt, dried fruits, fish, dyestuffs, per- 

 fumery, and verdigris. Cette has shipbuilding 

 yards, salt-works, glass-works, factories for the 

 manufacture of syrups and grape-sugar, &c. It 

 is a resort for sea-bathing, and has extensive 

 fisheries. Colbert founded it in 1666. Pop. ( 1872) 

 25,181 ; (1891)36,179. 



4 V II t n, a fortified port belonging to Spain, on 

 the coast of Morocco, opposite Gibraltar. The 

 town occupies the site of the Roman colony of Ad 

 Septem Fratres, so called from the seven hills rising 

 here in a group, of which the most prominent are 

 Montes Almina and Hacho ; on the latter, the 

 ancient Abyla (one of the Pillars of Hercules), is a 

 strong fort, and on the former, among beautiful 

 gardens, lies the New Town. Ceuta contains a 

 cathedral, a hospital, and convents, but is chiefly 

 of importance as a military and convict station. 

 The harbour is small, and exposed to the north, 

 but has a lighthouse and some small trade. 

 The mixed population number about 12,500. The 

 place was a flourishing mart under the Arabs, who 

 corrupted its Roman name to Sebtah ; there the 

 first paper manufactory in the Western world is 

 said to have been established by an Arab who had 

 brought the industry from China. In 1415 it was 

 captured by the Portuguese, and annexed to 

 Portugal; it fell to Spain in 1580. It has resisted 



several sieges by the Moors (1694-1720 and 1732), 

 and is still the most important of the four African 

 Presidios (q.v. ). 



Cevadilla. See SABADILLA. 



Cayennes (ancient <',! .> \, the chief moun- 

 tain-range in the south of France. With ito con- 

 tinuations and offsets, it forms the watershed 

 between the river-systems of the Rhone and the 

 Loire and Garonne. Its general direction is from 

 north-east to south-west, commencing at the 

 southern extremity of the Lyonnais Mountains, 

 and extending under different local names as far as 

 the Canal du Midi, which divides it from the 

 northern slopes of the Pyrenees. The Cevennes 

 extend for over 150 miles, through or into nine 

 departments, the central mass lying in Lozere 

 and Ardeche, where Mont Lozere attains 5584 feet, 

 and Mont Mezenc (the culminating point of the 

 chain ) 5754 feet. The average height is from 3000 

 to 4000 feet. The mountains consist chiefly of 

 primary rocks, covered with tertiary fonnations, 

 which in many places are interrupted by volcanic 

 rocks. For the religious wars of which the Cevennes 

 have been the arena, see ALBIGENSES, CAMISARDS, 

 WALDENSES ; and for a vivid description of the 

 scenery and the peasantry, Mr R. L. Stevenson's 

 Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes ( 1879). 



Ceylanite. See SPINEL. 



Ceylon (the Taprobane of the Greeks and 

 Romans, and the Serendib of the Arabian Nights), 

 an island and British crown colony in the Indian 

 Ocean, to the south-east of India, from which it is 



Gulf Of Aripo 



Man a a r , 



Kara-tivol 



separated by the Gulf of Manaar and Palk Strait, 

 32 to 120 miles broad. It lies between 5 55' and 

 9 51' N. lat, and 79 42* and 81 55' E. long. 



