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CHAMBERSBURG 



CHAMBRE INTROUVABLE 



material, and his perception of what was suited to 

 the popular taste in history, poetry, science and 

 arts. In 1844 he published anonymously the 

 remarkable work, Vestiges of Creation, which pre- 

 pared the way for Darwin's great work, The Origin 

 of Species. The authorship, positively ascribed to 

 him in the Athenaeum of 2d December 1854, was 

 first acknowledged in Mr Ireland's introduction to 

 the 12th ed. (1884). He received the degree of 

 LL.D. from St Andrews in 1863. The labour in 



Ereparing the Book of Days (2 vols. 1863) broke his 

 ealth, and he died at St Andrews, 17th March 

 1871. Other works by Robert are Popular Rhymes 

 of Scotland, a valuable contribution to folklore 

 (1847), History of the Rebellions in Scotland, Life 

 of James I. , Scottish Ballads and Songs ( 3 vols. 

 1829), Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, Ancient Sea 

 Margins (1838), The Life and Works of Robert 

 Burns (4: vols. 1851), Domestic Annals of Scotland 

 (3 vols. 1859-61), and Songs of Scotland prior to 

 Burns (1862). His Select Writings (7 vols.) were 

 published in 1847. His son ROBERT CHAMBERS, 

 born in 1832, became head of the firm in 1883, and 

 conducted the Journal till his death, March 23, 

 1888. See W. Chambers's Memoir of William and 

 Robert Chambers (1872; 13th ed., with supple- 

 mentary chapter, 1884). 



Chambersburg, capital of Franklin county, 

 Pennsylvania, in a pleasant valley 52 miles WSW. 

 of Harrisburg by rail, has several manufactories, 

 breweries, foundries, and machine-shops. A large 

 part of the borough was burned by the Confederates 

 in 1864. Pop. (1880) 6877 ; (1890) 8006. 



Chambertin, a famous red Burgundy, obtained 

 from a vineyard (62 acres) of that name in the 

 French department of Cote-d'Or, 7 miles S. of Dijon 

 by rail. 



ChambeVy, capital of the former duchy and 

 present French department of Savoy, beautifully 

 situated between two ridges of hills, amid gardens 

 and country seats, 370 miles SE. of Paris by rail. 

 The scenery around, with the river Laisse flowing 

 through the valley, is exceedingly fine. The town 

 itself, however, is dull and uninteresting, with 

 narrow and gloomy streets winding between high 

 well-built houses. Notable edifices are the small 

 cathedral, the palace of justice, and the old castle 

 of the Dukes of Savoy, restored early in the 19th 

 century. Chambery has manufactures of clocks, 

 silk-gauze, soap, hats, paper, and a trade in silk, 

 wine, coal, &c. Pop. (1891) 20,922. From 1525 to 

 1713 Chambery was under the dominion of France, 

 and again from the Revolution to 1815, when it was 

 restored to the House of Savoy ; but in 1860, by the 

 cession of Savoy, it came again under the rule of 

 France. 



Chaillbeze, the farthest head-stream of the 

 Congo, rises in the highlands south of Tan- 

 ganyika, about 9 40' S. Tat., and 33 15' E. long. 

 Its tributaries are large, and form a considerable 

 stream, which flows south-west to Lake Bangweolo 

 (q.v.). 



Cliambord, a celebrated chateau in the French 

 department of Loir-et-Cher, stands 12 miles E. of 

 Blois, in the midst of a walled, sandy park of 13,000 

 acres. Commenced by Francis I. in 1526, it is a 

 huge Renaissance pile, with numberless turrets, 

 chimneys, gables, and cupolas, and with four round 

 towers, each 63 feet in diameter. There are no 

 fewer than 440 rooms. Chambord, the ' Versailles 

 of Touraine,' was a residence of the French kings 

 down to Louis XV., who conferred it on Marshal 

 Saxe ; and here in 1670 Moliere gave the first re- 

 presentation of his Bourgeois Gentilhomme. Among 

 its various occupants were Diane de Poitiers, Stanis- 

 laus of Poland, and Marshal Berthier, upon whom 

 it was bestowed by Napoleon in 1809. It was 



bought from his widow in 1821 for 1,542,000 francs, 

 and presented to the future Comte de Chambord, 

 who spent large sums on its restoration. He left 

 it to his wife, and, after her, to her nephews, by a 

 will which was more than once disputed, but recog- 

 nised by the state as valid. See La Question de 

 Chambord, by J. B. C. Arnauld ( 1887 ). 



Chambord, HENRI CHARLES DIEUDONNE, 

 COMTE DE, was born in Paris, 29th September 1820, 

 seven months after the assassination of his father, 

 the Due de Berri ( q.v. ). On the day of his baptism 

 with water brought by Chateaubriand from the 

 Jordan, the ' Child of Miracle ' was presented by 

 the Legitimists with the chateau of Chambord ; 

 hence in 1844 he dropped the title of Due de Bor- 

 deaux for that by which he was most usually 

 known. When Charles X. abdicated at the 

 July revolution of 1830, he did so in favour of 

 his little grandson ; but the people insisted on 

 the 'citizen king,' and the elder Bourbons were 

 driven into exile. They fixed their court succes- 

 sively at Holyrood, Prague, and Gorz, where the 

 old king died in 1836, and the young count was 

 trained in clerical and absolutist ideas by his aunt, 

 the Duchesse d'Angouleme, and his tutor, the Due 

 de Damas. A good, dull, timid soul, whom D'Orsay 

 likened to ' a palace with no room furnished but 

 the chapel,' 'Henry V.' had three times a chance 

 of regaining the crown of his ancestors in 1848, 

 1870, and 1873, on which last occasion, three 

 months after Thiers's overthrow, he paid an incog- 

 nito visit to Versailles. Each time he fooled away 

 his opportunities, always vanishing just when his 

 presence was indispensable, and ever protesting 

 that he would ' never abandon the white flag of 

 Joan of Arc.' A fall from his horse (1841) had 

 lamed him for life; his marriage (1846) with the 

 Princess of Modena ( 1817-86) brought him no suc- 

 cessor ; and in keeping up a stately mimic court, 

 in stag-hunting from a phaeton, in issuing mani- 

 festoes, in visiting innumerable churches, and in 

 much travelling, he passed forty years of blameless 

 inertia. His death, after long suffering, at his castle 

 of Frohsdorf, in Lower Austria, 24th August 1883, 

 was a relief at once to himself and to his adherents. 

 The Comte de Paris (1838-1894) inherited his. 

 claims. See BOURBON ; and the Comte de Fal- 

 loux' Memoires d'un Royaliste (2 vols. Paris, 1888). 



Chambre Ardente ('the fiery chamber'), a 

 name given at different times in France to an extra- 

 ordinary court of justice, probably on account of 

 the severity of the punishments which it awarded, 

 the most common being that of death by fire. In 

 the year 1535, Francis I. established an Inquisitorial 

 Tribunal and a Chambre Ardente. Both were in- 

 tended for the extirpation of heresy. The former 

 searched out cases of heresy, and instructed the 

 processes ; while the latter both pronounced and 

 executed the final judgment. Under Henri II., 

 the activity of the Chambre Ardente received a 

 new impulse. In 1679 Louis XIV. employed a 

 Chambre Ardente to investigate the numerous 

 reports of poisoning cases which the trial of the 

 Marchioness Brinvilliers (q.v.) caused to be circu- 

 lated. Many persons of the first rank were exam- 

 ined on suspicion, but no one was executed except 

 the pretended sorcerer, Voisin (1680). 



Chambre Introuvable ( Fr. , ' the chamber 

 the like of which is not to be found again ' ) was the 

 name given to that Chamber of Deputies in France 

 which met after the second return of Louis XVIII. 

 (July 1815), and which, by its fanatical royalty, 

 began to throw the country and society anew into 

 commotion. The name was given to it by the king 

 in his gratitude ( though some think even he spoke 

 ironically ) ; but it soon came to be used sarcasti- 

 cally for any ultra-royalist assembly. 



