CIIKKSK llnl'THR 



CHEETAH 



143 



dnced in America is made in private dairies in 



which the sunn- system prevails. 



There are several other kinds of cheese made in 

 1 M.I 1 1 fact 111 i. -sand private dairies, as Edam (the TOM IK! 

 Dutch cheese), a small cylindrical cheese -imilar to 

 tlif Kn,'lish Wiltshire, weighing 10 to 14 Ib. ; aflat 

 chrc-ie called Knglish dairy cheese, similar to the 

 double (Gloucester cheese and coloured as highly ; a 

 few Stilton cheese; cream cheeses for immediate 

 n -i- : and very good imitations of the European 

 Mraburger, Schweizer, Neufchatel, Brie, Gouda, 

 Camembert ; and some other fancy makes to supply 

 the French, German, and other immigrant popula- 

 tion. 



The cows used in the cheese dairies in the 

 United States and Canada are mostly ' grade ' 

 shorthorns, or native cows improved by crosses of 

 shorthorn, Devon, Ayrshire, and Dutch breeds. 

 Jersey and Guernsey cows, and the best of the 

 higher bred animals, are used for the highest class 

 of cheese of the fancy kinds. The profitable ex- 

 ploitation of the dairy in America has raised the 

 value of lands suitable for grazing cows to an 

 average value of nearly $100 (20) per acre for the 

 fee simple, which is twice as much as that of 

 grain farms. The cheese-dairy business prevails 

 mostly in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio, Iowa, and Wisconsin, and in the province of 

 Ontario, Canada. The cows are chiefly fed upon 



Easturage aided in the latter part of the summer 

 y soiling crops, of which maize is almost uni- 

 versally chiefly depended upon. The cheese-making 

 season begins in April and continues until Novem- 

 ber. See X. A. Willard's Practical Dairy Hus- 

 bandry (1875), L. B. Arnold's American Dairying 

 (1877), and Henry Stewart's American Dairyman s 

 Manual. 



CHEESE- PRESS. The most common form is the 

 lever press. A powerful steel coil or spring is 

 sometimes substituted for the lever. In large 

 factories the gang press is employed to press a 

 large number of cheeses at one time by means of a 

 powerful horizontal screw. The old method was 

 by placing a heavy stone ( hence the name stoning 

 cheese ) on the lid of the chesset, or by hanging it 

 by a ring fixed to its upper side from the end of a 

 wooden t>eam which acted as a lever and passed 

 over the lid of the cheese-press vat. 



Cheese-hopper, the larva of Piophila caset, 

 a small dipterous (two-winged) fly, of the large 

 family Muscidai, to which the house-fly, blow-fly, 

 &c. belong. The perfect insect is about a line and 

 a half in length, mostly of a shining black colour ; 

 antennae, forehead, and some parts of the legs red- 

 dish. It is a pest of dairies and store-closets, lay- 

 ing its eggs in cracks or crevices of cheese, the 

 destined food of its numerous, active, and voracious 

 larvae. To preserve cheeses from this pest, it is of 

 advantage to brush or rub them frequently, and to 





Cheese-hopper : 



o, larva, natural size ; b, larva, magnified, preparing to spring ; 

 c, perfect insect, natural size : d, magnified. 



remove all cracked or injured cheeses from large 

 stores, besides keeping them dry and in a well-aired 

 place. The same rules are applicable in regard to 

 the other insect larvae by which cheeses are some- 



times infested. Of these the most notable are the 

 larva; of the Bacon Hectic (nee DI.K.MKSTES), and 

 of another species of dipterous fly, Muaai corvina. 



Cheese-mite ( 7y/w//y/</< //* tiro), familiar on 

 old dry cheese. It is a true Mite, and belongs 

 in the division without special breathing organs. 

 The body is rounded henind, conical in front. 

 with a well-marked groove between the second 

 ami third pairs of legs, arid with relatively long 

 smooth hairs. The male differs slightly from 

 the female, for instance in the possession of two 

 posterior suctorial pits. The larva; have only three 

 pairs of legs, and pass through an immature eight- 

 legged ' nymph ' stage before becoming like the 

 adults. The cheese-mite is not confined to cheese, 

 but attacks dried fruits and the like. See ACARINA 

 (with cut), ARACHNIDA, CHKKSK-HOpnm ; also 

 Michael, Journ. Roy. Microscop. Soc. 1884, 1885. 



Cheetah, or HUNTING LEOPARD (Felisjubata 

 or Cynailurus jubatux ), an animal of the feline 

 family, distinguished by its longer and narrower 



ML 



Cheetah. 



feet and less completely retractile claws, which are 

 also more blunt and less curved. It also differs 

 from other Felidae in certain dental characters 

 e.g. of the upper sectorial tooth. With these pecu- 

 liarities are associated a greater length of limb 

 than is usual in feline animals, and the habit of 

 taking its prey by running rather than by leaping. 

 The cneetan is in size about equal to a leopard, but 

 the body and limbs are longer. The colour is yel- 

 lowish brown, with black and brown spots. It is 

 very widely distributed, being found in Senegal, 

 South Africa, Persia, India, Sumatra, &c. Its geo- 

 graphic range extends from the Cape of Good Hope 

 as far north as the Caspian Sea and the steppes of 

 the Kirghiz Tartars. The African form is some- 

 times distinguished as C. yitttatu-s, but the differ- 

 ences are trivial. The animal has been long domes- 

 ticated and employed in the chase, both in Persia, 

 where it is called Youze, and in India. Deer 

 and antelopes are the game principally hunted, 

 and packs of cheetah are kept for this purpose 1>\ 

 Indian princes. The head of the cheetah is kept 

 covered with a leather hood till within 200 yards of 

 the game. When the hood is taken off, the cheetah 

 stealthily creeps towards the herd, taking advan- 

 tage of every bush and inequality for concealment, 

 till, on their showing alarm, he is amongst them at 

 a few bounds, and striking down his victim with a 

 blow of his -paw, instantly tears open its throat, 

 and begins to suck the blood. It is then somewhat 

 difficult to withdraw him from his prev, which is 

 generally done bv offering him meat. If* unsuccess- 

 ful, the cheetah does not attempt to follow the herd 

 by running nor does this animal seem to possess 

 the power of maintaining speed through a length- 

 ened chase, but slowly, and as if ashamed, creeps 

 back to the hunters. In a domesticated state it is 



