C'HKSH 



165 



of squares by a figure, and the files by a letter, in 

 accordance* with lig. 4 : 



BLACK. 

 a b e d e f g 





a b c d e f g 



WHITE. 

 Fig. 4. 



Thus, referring to the English system, the White 

 king's square is denoted by c 1, the Black queen's 

 square by d 8. In the German system all the 

 squares are counted from White's side only. 

 To denote a move, the first letter of the piece 

 is given, then the square on which it stands, 

 and lastly, the square to which it moves. 

 The moves of pawns are not preceded by 

 any initial letter. A capture is denoted by 

 a colon placed after the move, check is repre- 

 sented by t, or a check and capture by +. 

 Castling on the king's side is denoted by 

 O - O, and on the queen's side by O - O - O. 

 Taking the same moves as before, the game 

 would DC recorded therefore as follows : 



Castling, a double move allowed once on the 

 part of each player in a game. The rook is moved 

 to the square next the king, and On- 

 h king is then moved to the other side. 



" and 6 show the operation of 

 castling : 



The conditions under which castling 

 is allowed are : (a) That neither king 

 nor rook have been moved ; ( b ) that no 

 piece intervenes; (c) that the king is 

 not in check; (d) that the king does 

 not cross a square commanded by an 

 opposing piece or pawn. 



Check, the warning which must b 

 given when the opponent's king is 

 attacked. 



Checkmate, a position in which the 

 king cannot avoid capture on his oppo- 

 nent's next move. Checkmate is from 

 the Persian shah mdt, 'the king is dead.' 



Discovered check, an attack which is 

 opened on the king by the removal of 

 an intervening piece or pawn. 



In the diagram ( fig. 7 ) the king is not 

 in check ; but if the rook be moved, the 

 diagonal with the bishop is opened, and 

 the rook is said to ' discover check.' 



En passant. A pawn which, having 

 movea two squares for its first move, 

 and thus passed an opposing pawn, 

 may be taken, on the next move only, 

 by the latter, en passant, 

 h En prise. A piece is said to be en 



prise when it is in a position to be cap- 

 tured by an opposing piece or pawn, 

 and is not properly defended. 

 Exchange, the capture of a piece in return for the 

 loss of one of equal value. To ' win the exchange ' 



Fig. 5. Castling with King's Rook, 

 a, before-castling. 



6, after castling. 



White. 



1. e 2 - e 4. 



2. Ktflrl -/3. 



3. B/l - c4. 



4. Bc4 - fl t 



Black. 



1. e 1 - e 5. 



2. Kt b 8 - c 6. 



3. B/8 - c5. 



4. K e 8 - fl : 



This system may be and is in some cases 

 still further abbreviated by the omission (a) 

 of the initial letters of the pieces, or ( b ) of 

 the square from which the piece moves ; and 

 the moves may also be written in line or 

 fractionally as in the Latin system. 



TECHNICAL TERMS. The following list is 

 not exhaustive, only the terms in general use 

 beinjjj given : 



Blindfold Chess, or Chess sans voir, the 

 game played mentally, without sight of board 

 or men. This almost inexplicable feat is not 

 altogether one of memory, as is generally 

 supposed ; it is rather the result of a special 

 faculty not necessarily corresponding with 

 that for ordinary chess. Some great masters, 

 notably Mr J. H. Blackburne, of London, 

 can conduct as many as twelve games blind- 

 fold simultaneously ; and most players of first and 

 second rate strength can play at least one in this 

 way. 



Fig. 6. Castling with Queen's Rook, 

 a, before castling. 



is to capture a rook in return for the loss of a bishop 

 or knignt. To ' lose the exchange ' is to capture a 

 bishop or knight in return for the loss of a rook. 



