CHILLON 



CHIMERA 



181 



liiin-elf, is one of the most melancholy monument- 

 tli.it I-M-I of fanatical and unchristian bigotry. 

 li was Chiilingworth'i fate to be assailed with 

 great asperity and reproaches' all his life, and 

 throughout to be misunderstood by blind Papist 

 an.l Mind I'uritan alike. 



See the Life by Des Maizcaux (1725), and that by l.'cv. 

 Thomas Birch, prefixed to his edition of the work* ( 1742). 

 of these the best edition is that published at Oxford in 

 3 vols. in 1838. See chapter v. (vol. i.) of the late 

 Principal Tulloch's Rational Theology in England in tltc 

 nth Century (2 vok. 1872). 



Cllilloii, a celebrated castle of Switzerland, at 

 tin* eastern end of the Lake of Geneva, li mile 

 SSK. of Montreux. It stands on an isolated rock, 

 _>_' \ aids from the shore, and connected therewith by 

 a I nidge, though the strait between them is dry. 

 Dating perhaps from the 8th century, it seems to 

 have been partly rebuilt in 1238, by Amadeus IV. 

 of Savoy, and it long served as a state prison. 

 Hero for six years (1530-36) Bonivard (q.v.) 

 endured the captivity immortalised by Byron's 

 Prisoner of Chilian ( 1821 ). Among the thousands 

 of names inscribed on the pillars of the dungeon 

 are those of Byron, Georges Sand, and Victor 

 Hugo. The castle is now used as a magazine for 

 military stores. 



4'liilo< : . the insular province of Chili, consists of 

 the island of that name on the west coast, which is 

 separated from the mainland by a narrow strait on 

 the N., and by a gulf 30 miles wide on the E., and 

 has a length of 115 miles, and an extreme breadth 

 of 43 miles, and of a number of neighbouring islets, 

 mostly uninhabited ; total area, 3980 sq. m. ; pop. 

 about 83,000, almost all Indians living on the 

 principal island. Chilo6 proper is hilly in the 

 interior, and everywhere covered, except imme- 

 diately along the shores, with nearly impassable 

 forest. The climate is mild and not unhealthy, 

 although inordinately wet. The Indians belong to 

 a subdivision of the Araucanian family ; they are 

 a gentle and honest race, mostly engaged in fishing 

 and in lumbering, timber being at present the 

 chief export from the island, although immense 

 deposits of coal have been reported. The capital, 

 Ancud, on the north coast, nas a good harbour, 

 but is meanly built ; it is the seat of a bishop, and 

 has a population of 6000. 



Chilog'natha, Chilop'oda. See MYRI- 



OPODA. 



Chiltcrn Hills* the southern part of the low 

 chalk range which runs north-east, about 70 miles, 

 from the north bend of the Thames, in Oxfordshire, 

 through Bucks and the borders of Herts and Beds. 

 In Oxford, Herts, and Beds the Chiltern Hills are 

 15 to 20 miles broad, and the highest point is near 

 Wendover (950 feet). In his sketch of John 

 Hampden's home, Mr Green paints finely 'the 

 quiet undulations of the chalk country, billowy 

 neavings and sinkings as of some primeval sea 

 suddenly hushed into motionlessness, soft slopes of 

 gray grass or brown-red corn falling gently to dry 

 bottoms, woodland flung here and there in masses 

 over the hills. A country of fine and lucid air, of 

 far shadowy distances, of hollows tenderly veiled by 

 mist, graceful everywhere with a flowing unac- 

 centuated grace, as though Hampden's own temper 

 hail grown out of it. ' 



Chiltern Hundreds. In former times the 

 beech-forests which covered the Chiltern Hills 

 were infested with robbers, and in order to restrain 

 them it was usual for the crown to appoint an 

 officer, who was called the Steward of the Chiltern 

 Hundreds. The hundreds in question (see HUN- 

 DRED) are those of Bodenham, Desborough, and 

 Stoke, in Buckinghamshire. The stewardship, 

 which has long ceased to serve its primary purpose, 



now serves a secondary one. A member of the 



ll-ni-i- <>f i '.millions cannot resign hu Heat unless 

 ilisijiialitied either by the acceptance of a place of 

 honour and profit under the crown, or by some 

 other cause. Now, the stewardship of the Chiltern 

 Hundreds is held to be such a place, and it in con- 

 sequently applied for by, and granted, usually OB a 

 matter of course, to any memlier who wixhea to 

 resign, though it has l>cen refused in a case of 



ilnTy. As soon as it is obtained, it in again re- 

 signed, and is thus generally vacant when required 

 for the purpose in question. The granting of the 

 Chiltern Hundreds to this end began in the year 

 1750; the gift lies with the Chancellor of the Ex- 

 chequer. The powers, duties, and remuneration 

 are equally things of nought. Northstead in York- 

 shire has been used in the same way since 1841 ; 

 and other manors formerly so used were Old Shore- 

 ham in Sussex (1756-99), East Hendred in Berks 

 (1763-1840), Poynings in Sussex (1841-43), Hemp- 

 holme in York (1845-65). See Quarterly Review, 

 Jan. 1894, and Foster's Chiltcrn Hundreds ( 1897 ). 



4'liiina'ra. a fire-breathing monster, described 



by Homer as having a lion's head, a goat's body, 



and the tail of a dragon. In Hesiod's account a 



daughter of Typhaon and Echidna, she devastated 



ycia until killed by Bellerophon. Gigantic carvings 



>f the chimaera on rocks have been found in Asia 



Minor, representing the monster as a lion, out of 



the back of which grows the neck and head of a 



goat. It is frequently depicted on shields as a 



heraldic charge. 



< hiiiia'ra. a genus of cartilaginous fishes, and 

 type of a distinct order, Holocephali, which is often 

 ranked along with the sharks and rays, or Elasmo- 

 branchs. The chief distinctions are the presence 

 of a fold of skin covering the (4) gill-clefts, the 

 nakedness of the skin, the fusion of the upper jaw 

 to the skull, the separation of anal, urinary, and 

 genital apertures. There are no ' spiracles,' nor 

 'spiral-valve.' Except in the above particulars, 

 and a few others of a more technical nature, the 

 members of this small order agree with the ordinary 

 Cartilaginous Fishes (q.v.). There are only two 

 living genera Chimaera and Callorhynchus. The 

 best-known species of chimera ( C. monstrosa ) is 

 often called the King of the Herrings, and is 

 occasionally taken in herring-nets in British sea*. 



Chimaera monstrosa. 



It is found on the coasts of Europe and Japan, in 

 North Atlantic, and at the Cape of Good Hope. 

 In the United States it is called Sea Cat. It b 

 an ugly fish, seldom over 3 feet in length, of a 

 whitish colour, sootted with brown above. The 

 males have clasping organs; the large eggs are 

 inclosed in a leathery case. The C. Colliei is found 

 on the west coast of North America ; and the (7. 

 Affinis on the coast of Portugal. In the other 

 genus, Callorhynchus, in the South Pacific, the 

 snout bears an appendage, and the tail is not sym- 

 metrical as in the above, but slightly shark-like. 



