CLARK 



CLARKE 



279 



for four years of the pathological department at the 

 EUilar Naval Hospital. After graduating at Aber 

 deen in 1854, he settled in London, whore he 

 acquired a high reputation for lii.s skill in the 

 treatment of diseases aH'wting the respiratory, 



renal, and digestive organs. A ng his patients 



were sonic oi tin- nio>t cinincnt IIH-II in tin- political 

 and literary world of his time, ami he will li\- in 

 remembrance as the ' beloved physician' of George 

 Eliot. President of the Koyal College of Physi- 

 cian-, Honorary Fellow of the Koyal College _ of 

 Physicians in Ireland, and Consulting Phvsici.ui 

 to the London Hospital, he was besides LL.D. of 

 Edinburgh and Aberdeen, a Fellow of the Royal 

 Society, and a baronet since 1883. His favourite 

 work was clinical teaching at the London Hospital, 

 for which Holl painted his portrait. He died (of 

 paralysis induced doubtless by ten years of self- 

 devoting overwork) on the 7th November 1893. 

 Although his professional success left him scant 

 leisure for writing, he made numerous important 

 contributions to medical science, both in papers con- 

 tributed to the special journals and in such books 

 as Evidences of the Arrestment of Phthisis, Lectures 

 en the Anatomy of the Lung, The Theory of Asthma, 

 The History of Dry Pleurisy in relation to Lung 

 Disease, Renal Inadequacy, The Anaemia of Girls, 

 Neurasthenia, and Mucous Disease of the Colon. 



Clark, SIR JAMES, physician, was born at 

 Cullen, Banflshire, 14th December 1788. He 

 took the degree of M.A. at King's College, 

 Aberdeen, studied medicine at Edinburgh and 

 London, and entered as a navy surgeon in 1809 

 a position he held until 1815. At Rome he 



Eractised eight years as a physician ; but in 1826 

 e settled in London. On the accession of Queen 

 Victoria, Clark, who for two years previously had 

 acted as physician to the Duchess of Kent, was 

 appointed physician in ordinary to Her Majesty, in 

 1838 being created a baronet. He was author of 

 a work On the Influence of Climate in the Cure of 

 Chronic Diseases (1829), and A Treatise on Pulmon- 

 ary Consumption (1835). He died June 29, 1870. 



Clark, THOMAS, chemist, was born at Ayr in 

 1801, and studied at Ayr Academy. He became a 

 chemist in Glasgow, lectured on chemistry there, 

 and in 1833 became professor at Marischal College, 

 Aberdeen. He fell into ill-health in 1843, and died 

 27th November 1867. His name is specially re- 

 membered for his discovery of the soap-test for 

 hardness in waters, and his method of softening 

 water by means of caustic lime. See WATER. 



Clark* WILLIAM GEORGE, an eminent scholar 

 and man of letters, was born in March 1821, and 

 educated at Sedbergh and Shrewsbury under Ken- 

 nedy. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 

 1840, and, graduating second classic in 1844, was 

 elected fellow of his college, where he resided 

 till his retirement in 1873. He had been ordained 

 in 1853, but wrote to his bishop resigning his 

 orders in 1869, and published his reasons in a 

 remarkable pamphlet, The Present Dangers of 

 the Church of England. He acted long as tutor 

 in his college, and was public orator in the univer- 

 sity from 1857 to 1869. He died at York, 6th 

 November 1878, bequeathing to Trinity College 

 property to endow a lectureship on English litera- 

 ture, to which Mr Gosse was appointed in 1883. 

 Clark travelled in Spain, Greece, Italy, and 

 Poland, during the long vacations, and published 

 lively accounts of his experiences. In 18.">0 In- 

 helped to edit the Sabrinte Corolla, himself con- 

 tributing some of the most finished versions therein. 

 He also edited the first series of Cambridge Essays 

 < 1855), and long acted as one of the editors of the 

 Journal of Philology. Other works were his edi- 

 tion of George Bnmley's Essays (1858), and Lec- 



tures on the Middle Ages and the Revival of Learning 

 (1872). His greatest work wax the famous Cam- 

 fin'i/i/e Shakespeare (9 vols. 1803-00), planned l>y 

 < Mark, and prepared in collalxnation with Mr 

 (;io\er and afterwards Mr Aldis Wright. Ito text 

 was reprinted in the popular 'Globe Edition' 

 (1864). Clark's projected edition of Aristophanes 

 was unhappily lett unfinished. 



Clarke* ADAM, Wesleyan divine, was born 

 .cu it 1762, at Moybeg in County Londonderry. 

 Under John Wesley s influence he studied at Kings- 

 wood, near Bristol, and began to preach in 17*-'. 

 Like his brethren, he moved from place to place, 

 from the Channel Islands to Shetland, but after 

 1805 lived mostly in London. Although peri- 

 patetic preaching is scarcely conducive to scholar- 

 ship, Clarke contrived to 'find time for extensive 

 study of the classics, the Fathers, oriental lan- 

 guages, and natural science. Aberdeen gave him 

 the degree of LL.D. in 1808, and many learned 

 societies admitted him to membership. His first 

 work was a Bibliographical Dictionary (8 vols. 

 1802-6). The Board of Commissioners on the 

 Public Records selected him to edit Rymer's 

 Faedera, but his health obliged him to abandon 

 the work before he had finished the second volume. 

 He also edited and abridged several other works, 

 but the great work of his life was his edition of 

 the Holy Scriptures (8 vols. 1810-26) with a com- 

 mentary, into which were compressed all the 

 results of his varied reading. While orthodox in 

 essentials, Clarke had some unusual notions. 

 Thus, he denied the eternal sonship of Christ 

 while maintaining his divinity ; held that Judas 

 repented unto salvation, and that the tempter of 

 Eve was a baboon, not a serpent. He died August 

 26, 1832. See his Life (3 vols. 1833). 



Clarke* CHARLES AND MARY COWDEN, one 

 of the most amiable among the pairs of English 

 writers. Charles was born 15th December 1787, at 

 Enfield, Middlesex, where his father kept a school 

 at which Keats was a pupil. His name is im- 

 perishably linked with the dawning genius of the 

 poet but seven years younger than himself who 

 in a poetical epistle ( 1816) addresses Clarke as ' you 

 who first taught me all the sweets of song.' He 

 early imbibed a passion for the theatre, and after 

 his parents' retirement to Ramsgate, continued to 

 pay frequent visits to London, where he formed the 

 friendship of Leigh Hunt, Shelley, Hazlitt, Charles 

 and Mary Lamb. After his father's death in 1820, 

 he became a bookseller in London, and ere long 

 partner as music publisher with Alfred Novello, 

 whose sister, Mary Victoria (born 1809), he married 

 in July 1828. A year later Mrs Cowden Clarke 

 began her famous Concordance to Shakespeare's 

 Plays, published after sixteen years' toil in 1845. 

 The married life of the pair was exceptionally 

 happy, and they enjoyed the warm friendship of 

 most London men of letters, from Lamb and 

 Hazlitt down to Douglas Jerrold, Macready, and 

 Charles Dickens. In 1834 Clarke began that 

 twenty years' course of public lectures on Shake- 

 speare and other dramatists and poets whifli 

 brought him so much celebrity and profit. He read 

 admirably, and put the fniit of much sound study 

 and profound thought into the preparation of the 

 lectures. Some of nis courses of lectures were pub- 

 lished, as his Shakespeare Characters, chiefly those 

 Subordinate (1863), and Moliere Chtinictfm ( 1865). 

 In 18f>9 he published Cunniiin Miimra, a volume of 

 fair original verse, and in 1863 he edited the poems 

 of George Herlwrt. The joint productions of the 

 pair were the valuable Shakespeare Key ( 1879) ; an 

 edition of Shakespeare's works with good if some- 

 what verbose annotations (1869), now re-issued as 

 Cassell's Illustrated Shakespeare ; and Recollections 



