COCANADA 



COCC'ULUH INDICU8 



317 



linn, rvru without sleep ; it affects the nervous 

 in.'. -11.1111-111 of respiration, HO that the difficulty of 

 liivuiliiii^, so common in the ascent of long and 



.strep -|M|'- ;il liii;li c|i-\ :il imi-. i- lillli- I'-ll. Tli'-~<- 



properties readily explain ito high esteem among 



Coca (Erythroxylon Coca): 

 a, a flower ; b, fruit. 



the Indians, to whom long and difficult journeys, 

 heavy burdens, and constant privation have always 

 been familiar. 



COCAINE. In Europe, little importance was 

 attached to coca until the veteran pharmacologist 

 Christison awakened interest by personally verify- 

 ing in old age its sustaining powers. Investiga- 

 tions followed, and the alkaloid cocaine, upon 

 which the active properties mainly depend, has 

 now come into regular use as a local anaesthetic, 

 by help of which not merely some of the operations 

 of dentistry, but much more serious surgical opera- 

 tions, can oe performed without chloroform. To 

 oculists it is of special value, at once dilating the 

 pupil and removing all sensibility. Cases of intoxi- 

 cation and abuse are not infrequent with the leaves, 

 and have been already recorded in connection with 

 the more powerful extract. 



Cocana'da, a seaport and headquarters of 

 Godavari district, Madras, 315 miles N. of Madras. 

 Its roadstead is comparatively safe, and it exports 

 cotton, oil-seeds, sugar, rice, and cigars. Top. 

 < 1881 ) 28,856 ; ( 1891 ) 40,533. 



Cocceius, or KOCH, JOHANNES, a distinguished 

 theologian, was born at Bremen in 1603, and 

 studied at Hamburg and Franeker. In 1636 he 

 became professor of Hebrew there, and in 1650 of 

 Theology at Leyden, where he died in 1669. His 

 chief work is the Lexicon et Cammentari-us Sermonis 

 Hi liraici et Chaldaici Vcteris Testament! ( Leyden, 

 1669), the first tolerably complete dictionary of the 

 Hebrew language. Cocceius neld very peculiar her- 

 meneutical principles, which enabled him to discover 

 the whole New Testament in the Old. The repre- 

 sentation abundantly employed in the former of a 

 covenant between God and man, usurped the place 

 of the New Testament doctrine of the Fatherhood 

 and Sonship ; and Cocceius carried the ' covenant 

 theology,' as it is called, to an absurd extreme (see 

 COVENANT). The most complete exposition of his 

 views is in his Summa Doctrinal de Fcedere et Testa- 

 mm to Dei (1648). 



Coccfcji, HEINRICH FREIHERR VON, born at 

 Bremen, March 25, 1644, studied jurisprudence 

 and philosophy in Leyden from 1667 to 1670, and 



went from thence to England. In 1672 lie waa 

 made professor of Law at Hc-idi-llx-rg ; in 1689, at 

 Utrecht; ami in 1690, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. 

 In 1713 the emperor named him a baron of the 

 realm. Cocceji died in 1719. Hi- work on civil 

 law (Juri.f J'ulilii-i 1'rudentia, 1695) waa long used 

 as a text-book. His youngest son, SAMUEL, born 

 at II'-idi-lluT;.' in 1679, acquired no less renown. 

 He too, in 1703, became professor at Frarikfort-nn- 

 the-Oder, filled several honourable state-offices, 

 find was ultimately the chancellor of Frederick the 

 Great. He died in 1755. He reformed the Prussian 

 administration of justice, and published several 

 works on law. 



Coccinella. See LADY-BIRD. 



COCCO. COCO Root, or EUDOES, plants of the 

 genus Colocasia, and of the nearly allied genus 

 Caladium, of the order Aracese, widely cultivated 

 in tropical and subtropical countries for their 

 edible starchy root-stocks, of which the food-value 

 broadly corresponds to the potato. These are de- 

 prived by roasting or boiling of the characteristic 

 acridity of the order, which, indeed, some of them 

 possess in a comparatively small degree. They are 

 sometimes included under the name Yam, but are 

 totally different from the true Yam (q.v.). The 

 names more strictly belong to Colocasia antiquorum, 

 a stemless plant with ovate leaves, and flowers 

 inclosed in a cylindrical erect spathe. This is a 

 native of India, but was early introduced to Egypt 

 and the Mediterranean countries, whence it nas 

 now passed even to America. C. escitlenta, C. 

 macrorhiza, or Tara(q.v.), and C. Himalensis are 

 also of economic importance in different parte of 

 the world, and many species of these and allied 

 genera are to be seen in European hothouses, 

 where their handsome foliage has gained them 

 an important place. 



Coccoliths are small saucer-like discs found 

 abundantly in the Atlantic ooze, probably uni- 

 cellular algze. They are sometimes called coccolite, 

 a word also used to denote a greenish kind of Augite 



(q.v.). 



Coccoloba* See SEASIDE GRAPE. 



Coccoiiiilia, or COCUMIGLIA (Prunus cocco- 

 milia), a species of plum, a native of Calabria, 

 and of which the bark particularly of the root 

 is used in that country for the cure of intermittent 

 fevers. 



CoecOS'teilS a genus of fossil placoganoid 

 fishes, pertaining chiefly to the Devonian and Old 

 Red Sandstone system/but met with also in Silu- 

 rian strata. The head was protected by a great 

 shield covered with tubercles. Besides this bony 

 cuirass there was also a ventral shield, but the rest 

 of the body was naked. The mouth was furnished 

 with small teeth. 



Coc'culllS I lid ions (Ital. coccola, 'a berry') 

 is the fruit of the Anamirta paniculata, a climbing 

 shrub found in the eastern parts of India, and in 

 the Malayan Archipelago. It was introduced into 

 Britain in the 16th century for the purpose of 

 stupefying fish so that they might be caught 

 by hand. It acts as an acrid narcotic poison, and 

 when the berries are thrown into a stream it quickly 

 poisons any fish in the neighbourhood. It contains 

 a crystalline principle called picrotoxine, which is 

 very poisonous. It has often been asserted that as 

 coccums indicus imparts to beer a bitter taste, and 

 at the same time a fullness and apparent richness, 

 it is largely used in the manufacture of that bever- 

 age. As its effects are very deleterious, considerable 

 attention was directed to the point, but no evidence 

 is as yet forthcoming to substantiate the statement. 

 In 1876 the report of the Laboratory Department 

 of the Inland Revenue stated that in 'no case were 



