318 



COCCUS 



COCHIN-CHINA 



the officers of the department able to detect it 

 either on the brewer's premises or in the beer itself. 

 Of the large quantity imported into England, 

 nearly the whole is re-exported to the Continent. 



Cocculus Indicus : 



, branch with leaves; 6, panicle of female inflorescence; c, a 

 female flower ; d, the same with sepals removed ; e, male flower; 

 /fruit. (From Bently & Trimen.) 



In Russia and elsewhere it is a popular remedy 

 for tapeworm, lice, &c. ; but when applied to the 

 scalp it is not unattended with danger, as several 

 deaths have occurred from its use. 



COCCUS, a genus of insects in the order Hemip- 

 tera, and type of a family (Coccidae), including 

 many forms very injurious to plants, and a few 

 others which have come to be of use to man. For 

 the latter, see COCHINEAL, LAC, MANNA, WAX. 

 As general characteristics may be noted the beaded 

 feelers, the general absence of wings in the female, 

 the degeneration of suctorial proboscis and posterior 

 wings in the males, and the peculiar history of both 

 sexes. The young forms are somewhat tortoise- 

 like, and run about on plants with some activity. 

 The adult females attach themselves by their pro- 

 boscis to a juicy part of the plant, and surrender 

 themselves to feeding and maternity. They often 

 become berry-like, plump, much resembling excres- 

 cences, or else very flat and scale-like. In the latter 

 form they are often called scale-insects. The body 

 always degenerates more or less, and after fer- 

 tilisation becomes simply a case, or eventually a 

 dead covering for the eggs and larva;. The young 

 males also come to rest, and undergo a peculiar 

 metamorphosis. From the resting larva an elegant 

 male insect results, with developed anterior, but 

 degenerate or aborted posterior wings. The males 

 fertilise the females, but being without suctorial 

 proboscis, are probably short-lived. In fact, both 

 male and female adults seem to fall victims to 

 the characteristics of their sex. The young shelter 

 for a while under the dead female, and then start 

 for themselves. For the important species and 

 related genera, see the articles above referred to. 



Coccyx. See SPINAL COLUMN. 



Coccyzus. See CUCKOO. 



Cochabamba, a central department of Bol- 

 ivia, with offshoots of the Eastern Cordilleras, and 

 extensive plateaus. The climate is equable and 

 healthy, and though the department is compara- 

 tively poor in metals, its fertile valleys render it the 

 richest as well as the most picturesque district of 

 the republic. Agriculture and cattle-raising are the 

 chief occupations ; but here, as elsewhere in Bolivia, 



trade is sadly hampered by the want of roads. 

 Area, 21,500 sq. in. ; pop. (1895) 360,500. The 

 capital, Cochabamba (8396 feet above the sea), on a 

 tributary of the Guapay, was founded 'in 1565, as 

 Ciudad de Oropesa. It has some fifteen churches* 

 a so-called university and high school, and an 

 industrious population, estimated at 25,000, with a. 

 trade in corn and Peruvian bark. 



Cochba. See BAR-COCHBA. 



Cochin, a native state of India, politically con- 

 nected with Madras, between the British district of 

 Malabar and the state of Travancore, with the 

 Arabian Sea on the SW. It contains 1361 sq. in., 

 and (1891) 722,906 inhabitants. Its hydrography 

 is singular. The Western Ghauts, which have ' 

 here an elevation of fully 4000 feet, intercept the 

 south-west monsoon, and render the coast one of 

 the most humid regions in the world during June, 

 July, August, and September. As the space be- 

 tween the mountains and the sea is almost on a 

 level with the tide, the countless streams have each 

 two contrasted sections a plunging torrent and a 

 sluggish river ending in a brackish estuary. 

 Further, these estuaries, almost continuously 

 breasted by a narrow belt of higher ground, form 

 between them a backwater or lagoon of 120 miles 

 in length, and of every width between a few hun- 

 dred yards and 10 miles, which communicates at 

 only three points with the ocean. The forests 

 produce the cocoa-nut, teak, red cedar, and many 

 other woods, while the low country produces drugs, 

 dyes, and gums. The great mass of the population 

 (430,000) are Hindus, but there are also 34,000 

 Mohammedans and 138,000 Christians (of the 

 Syrian and Roman confessions), and 1250 Jews. 

 The capital is Ernakolam (pop. 14,000). Cochin 

 formed a treaty with the East India Company in. 

 1798. 



Cochin, once the capital of the principality 

 above described, but now a seaport of the district 

 of Malabar, in the presidency or Madras, stands on 

 the south side of the principal channel between the 

 open ocean and the backwater mentioned in the 

 preceding article. In spite of the bar, Cochin is 

 next to Bombay on this coast for shipbuilding 

 and maritime commerce, the annual exports reach- 

 ing a value of 700,000. Here the Portuguese 

 erected their first fort in India in 1503. They 

 were supplanted by the Dutch in 1663 ; and in 

 1796 Cochin was captured by the British. Pop. 

 about 20,000, of whom 8500 are Christians, 4500 

 Hindus, and 3000 Mohammedans. Half a mile 

 south is a town of the same name, in the native 

 state of Cochin (pop. 13,775). 



Cochin-China, formerly a name for Annam, 

 but now specifically used for French Cochin-China 

 or Indo-Chine, a colonial possession of France, 

 occupying the south extremity of the Indo-China 

 peninsula, from 8 to 11 30' N. lat., and from 

 104 26' to 107 30' E. long. It is bounded 

 N. by Cambodia and Annam ; area, 23,400 sq. 

 m. Through nearly its whole extent Cochin- 

 China is low and almost flat. To the north 

 and east, however, the ground rises into the 

 hills of Cape St Jacques, Ba-ria, and Bien-hoa, 

 and the mountain of Dienba. Cochin-China 

 is watered in the west by two branches of the 

 Mekhong (q.v.), the Han-giang and the Tien-giang, 

 which follow a nearly parallel course for about 

 120 miles. In the east the Dong-nai River 

 flows from north-east to south-west, receiving the 

 Saigon River from the north-west. The Little 

 Vaico flows parallel to and south of the Saigon 

 River. These rivers are all connected with one 

 another by the innumerable arroyos and canals 

 which intersect Cochin-China in all directions. 

 The climate alternates between the rainy season, 



