340 



COLENSO 



COLERIDGE 



scholars on Indian science and religion. His life 

 has been well written by his son, Sir T. E. Cole- 

 brooke (1873), and his immense services to Sans- 

 krit scholarship are lucidly criticised in Max 

 Miiller's Biographical Essays ( 1884). 



Colenso, JOHN WILLIAM, D.D., Bishop of 

 Natal, the son of a Cornish gentleman, was born 

 at St Austell, January 24, 1814. He was educated 

 at St John's College, Cambridge, where he gradu- 

 ated as second wrangler in 1836, and becatae 

 fellow and assistant-tutor of his college. From 

 1838 to 1842 he was an assistant-master at Harrow, 

 and for the next four years a tutor at Cambridge. 

 Appointed, in 1846, rector of Forncett St Mary, 

 Norfolk, he published Miscellaneous Examples in 

 Algebra in 1848, Plane Trigonometry in 1851, and 

 Village Sermons in 1853, in which same year he 

 was appointed first Bishop of Natal. With that 

 energy of character which always distinguished 

 him, Dr Colenso at once began a close study of 

 the natives and of the Zulu language, and after a 

 time prepared a grammar and dictionary, and 

 made a translation of the English Prayer-book and 

 a portion of the Bible, printing them in his own 

 house. In 1860 he memorialised the Archbishop 

 of Canterbury against compelling those natives 

 who had already more than one wife to renounce 

 polygamy as a condition to baptism, alleging that 

 he could find no warrant for such compulsion 

 either in the gospel or in the ancient church. 

 In 1861 he published his Translation of St 

 Paul's Epistle to the Romans, commented on from 

 a Missionary Point of View, in which he objected 

 to the doctrine of eternal punishment. He next 

 announced that he had become convinced of the 

 improbability of many statements of facts and 

 numbers in the historical books of the Bible ; 

 and in 1862 there appeared the first part of his 

 work on The Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua 

 Critically Examined. This treatise brought down 

 upon its writer an avalanche of criticism and 

 remonstrance. He had called in question the 

 historical accuracy and Mosaic authorship of the 

 books cited, and his work was condemned as 

 heretical by small majorities in both Houses of 

 Convocation of the province of Canterbury. The 

 bishop was entreated to resign his see by his 

 episcopal brethren, some of whom inhibited him 

 from preaching in their dioceses. The second part 

 of his work appeared in 1863. Convocation cen- 

 sured him in the succeeding year, and he was 

 declared to be deposed from his see by his Metro- 

 politan, Bishop Gray of Capetown. He appealed 

 from this judgment in 1865, when the Privy -council 

 declared the deposition to be ' null and void in 

 law.' The bishops constituting the council of the 

 Colonial Bishoprics Fund, however, refused to 

 pay him his income, upon which he appealed to 

 the Court of Chancery. On October 6, 1866, the 

 Master of the Rolls delivered an elaborate judg- 

 ment, ordering the payment of the bishop's income, 

 with all arrears and interest, unless his accusers 

 should bring him to trial for heresy ; but this they 

 declined to do. Immediately before Dr Colenso's 

 return to his diocese in August 1865, his English 

 friends presented him with 3300 as a testimonial. 

 The Anglican community at the Cape was now 

 divided into two camps, and although Dr Colenso 

 remained the only bishop of the Church of England 

 in Natal, Bishop Gray publicly excommunicated 

 him, and in 1869 consecrated Dr W. K. Macrorie 

 as Bishop of Maritzburg, his authority practically 

 extending over the same diocese. In 1874 Dr 

 Colenso visited England to report upon the affairs 

 of his diocese to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 

 and to consult with the heads of the church upon 

 its relations to the new see of Maritzburg. While 

 in England he pleaded the cause of Langalibalele, 



a dispossessed Zulu chief. On his return to South 

 Africa he warmly espoused the interests of the 

 natives against the oppression of the Boers, and 

 the encroaching policy of the Cape officials. He 

 opposed the attitude of Sir Bartle Frere and the 

 home government during the Zulu war, and 

 earnestly strove to make peace between the con- 

 tending parties. Owing to his exertions, Cety- 

 wayo was allowed to visit England and plead 

 for his rights. Dr Colenso's defence of the 

 aboriginal claims lost him much valuable support ; 

 but the bishop and his daughter never swerved 

 from what seemed to them to be the wisest as 

 well as the only honourable course to pursue 

 towards the natives of South Africa. In addition 

 to the works already named, Dr Colenso was 

 the author of Ten Weeks in Natal (1855); The 

 New Bible Commentary Literally Examined (1871- 

 74); Lectures on the Pentateuch and the Moabite 

 Stone (1873); and a volume of Sermons (1873). 

 His cntical analysis of the Pentateuch extended 

 to seven parts, the last of which appeared in 

 1879. This work was not without influence in 

 modifying the views of Kuenen and other con- 

 tinental commentators. Bishop Colenso died at 

 Durban, Natal, June 20, 1883. He was a man 

 of upright and inflexible character, yet gentle 

 in demeanour and chivalrous in controversy. His 

 theological works still find many readers, while 

 his treatises on algebra and arithmetic have long 

 been text-books in the public schools and uni- 

 versities. See his Life by Sir G. W. Cox (2 vols. 

 1888). 

 Coleop tera. See BEETLE. 



Colepeper, JOHN, was a native of Sussex, 

 but, save that he had seen much foreign service, 

 little is known of him till his return for Kent in 

 1640 to the Long Parliament. There he pursued 

 a course much the same as Hyde's (see CLAREN- 

 DON ), and in January 1642 was created Chancellor 

 of the Exchequer, a twelvemonth later Master of 

 the Rolls, and in 1644 Lord Colepeper. With 

 Hyde he attended Prince Charles to the western 

 counties, and from Jersey he brought him to 

 Henrietta Maria, to whose party he thenceforth 

 attached himself. He lived to see the Restoration, 

 dying on llth June 1660. He was an able, far- 

 seeing councillor, but rough and unstable. 



Coleraine, a seaport in County Londonderry, 

 on the right bank of the Bann, 4 miles from its 

 mouth, 33 by rail NE. of Londonderry, and 61 

 NW. of Belfast. It has manufactures of fine 

 linens, pork-curing, distilling, and important fish- 

 eries in the river. The Bann is here spanned by 

 a fine stone bridge, 288 feet long, which connects 

 Coleraine with its suburb on the left bank of the 

 river, Waterside or Killowen. Vessels of 200 tons 

 can discharge at the quay those of greater burden 

 lie at Portrush, 6 miles off. Pop. (1861) 6236; 

 ( 1881 ) 5899 ; ( 1891 ) 6845. Until 1885 Coleraine re- 

 turned a member to parliament. 



Coleridge* HARTLEY, eldest son of the great 

 Coleridge, was born, an eight months' child, at 

 Clevedon, Somersetshire, 19th September 1796. 

 Very early he showed uncommon parts, and a 

 singular power of living entirely in a make-believe 

 world of dreams and imagination. Wordsworth's 

 lovely and touching poem to the child at six years 

 of age was strangely and sadly prophetic of his 

 after-life ; hardly less the concluding lines of his 

 own father's two poems, The Nightingale and Frost 

 at Midnight. Hartley was brought up, after the 

 separation of his parents, by Southey at Greta 

 Hall, and was educated chiefly at Ambleside 

 school. In 1815 he went to Oxford as postmaster 

 of Merton College. His scholarship was great but 

 unequal, and not such as to lead to high distinc- 



