coLIGNY 



rou.KCT 



fully watched, anil ilis.-oiitimied if there is an\ -i-n 

 of narcotism (sec oi-MM). Colic pains are also 

 present in peritonitis (see PEKITONKUM), another 

 IIMI-I dangerous form of disease ; and they form <>m- 

 inarketl symptom of the slow poiMHdng by lead, 

 occasionally observed as the coiiMeqiience of run 

 lamination* of drinking water by leaden cisterns, &c. 

 In this form the treatment is different from that 

 of simple colic, and is treated of in the article 

 Lead, under LEAD-POISONING. 



, GASPARD i"-. one of the greatest 

 Frenchmen of the 16th century, was born at 

 Chatillon-sur-Loing, February 16, 1519. At the 

 age of twenty-two ne began his career as a soldier, 

 and greatly distinguished himself in the wars which 

 Francis I. and Henry II. carried on against Spain. 

 By Henry II. he was appointed colonel-general of 

 tin' French infantry, and the severe system of dis- 

 cipline he introduced gave a new character to the 

 art of war in the 16th century. In 1552 he was 

 made admiral of France, though he never com- 

 manded on the sea. By holding the town of St 

 Quentin ( 1557) with a handful of men for seventeen 

 days against the army of Spain, he was the means 

 of saving his country. It was during his im- 

 prisonment, after the capture of this town, that 

 he embraced the views of the Huguenots, to the 

 furtherance of which the rest of his life was con- 

 secrated. On the accession of Francis II. in 1559, 

 the Guises became all-powerful, and their interest 

 and fanaticism led them to oppose all toleration of 

 the Huguenots. To obtain this toleration, how- 

 ever, was Coligny's great aim, and by his high 

 character and his abilities as a statesman and 

 general, he succeeded in conjunction with the 

 heads of the Bourbon family in effecting the 

 treaty known as the ' Pacification of Aniboise ' 

 (1563), by which the Huguenots were allowed 

 freedom of worship. This concession having 

 been gradually withdrawn by the queen -mother, 

 Catharine de' Medicis, the second Huguenot war 

 broke out in 1567, when, on the death of the 

 Prince of Conde, Coligny was appointed general- 

 issimo of the forces of Henry of Navarre, afterwards 

 Henry IV. of France. Both parties having grown 

 weary of the war, peace was concluded in 1570 on 

 the basis of the treaty of Aniboise, mainly through 

 Coligny's energy. Catharine de' Medicis, how- 

 ever, again becoming alarmed at the growing power 

 of the Huguenots, and especially at the ascendency 

 of Coligny over the young king, Charles IX. , deter- 

 mined by one desperate stroke to regain her power. 

 In 1572, a numerous body of the Huguenot nobles 

 having been drawn to Paris by the marriage of 

 Henry of Navarre with Margaret, the sister of the 

 king, the massacre of St Bartholomew took place, 

 when Coligny was murdered in his bed, and his 

 body thrown into the street by Henry of Guise and 

 his followers. 



In his personal character Coligny was one of the 

 noblest Frenchmen of his time. His religious zeal 

 was purely disinterested, and he had deeply at 

 heart the welfare of his country. His great aim 

 was to make the Huguenots a national party, and 

 by their enthusiasm to defeat the schemes of Spain, 

 who he saw was bent on supremacy in western 

 Europe. Had he lived a few years longer the 

 history of French Protestantism would have been 

 different. Coligny's wide views are further seen in 

 his unsuccessful attempts to found Protestant 

 colonies in Brazil and North America. See his 

 Life by Blackburn (2 vols. Phila. 1869), Bersier 

 (Kng. trans. 1884), Delaborde (3 vols. Paris, 1880), 

 and Marcks ( Stuttg. 1892). 



4 ol i HIM. a Mexican state on the Pacific coast, 

 with an area of 2694 sq. m., and a pop. (1882) of 

 72,591. The soil is very fertile, the climate warm ; 



large quantities of coffee, migar, rice, tobacco, 

 in. .i/.-, and cotton are grown. The capital, ('olima, 

 14.V) feet aliove the sea, about 40 mile* ENE. of 

 the port of Manzanillo, IB regularly built, with 

 narrow streets crossing at right angles, and ha 

 several large cotton-factories. Pop. (1895) 18.977. 

 l'.e\ond the state frontier, about 35 mile* NE. of 

 the capital, rises the volcano of ( 'olima ( 12,75C 

 feet), which burst out in June 1869. 



Colin. See VIIHMNIAN QUAIL. 



Coliseum* See A.Mrmi IIKATRE. 



Coll. one of the Argyllshire Hebrides, 16 miles 

 W. of Tobermory in Mull. It is 13 miles long, 1 to 

 .'{.', broad, and 30 sq. m. in area. It nowhere 

 exceeds 326 feet in height ; mica-slate is the pre- 

 dominant rock ; and more than a third of the sur- 

 face is cultivated or in pasture. Pop. ( 1801 ) 1162 ; 

 (1881)643; (1891)522. 



Collar-bone, or CLAVICLE (q.v. ), is in man, 

 as in most mammals, the only FJone directly con- 

 necting the upper extremity with the skeleton of 

 the trunk. It is consequently very often broken, 

 more often than any other bone except perhaps 

 the radius. Under proper treatment, in children 

 sometimes even without treatment, it readily re- 

 unites without any impairment of the usefulness 

 of the limb. But it is very difficult to maintain 

 such exact adjustment that no irregularity of the 

 surface of the bone will remain ; and as it lies 

 close under the skin, the resulting deformity is 

 often visible. 



Collateral. See CONSANGUINITY, SUCCES- 

 SION. Collateral Security is an additional and 

 separate security for the performance of an obliga- 

 tion. 



Collation. See BENEFICE. 



4'ol 1< ; . a town of Italy, on the Elsa, 24 miles 

 SSW. of Florence. It has an old cathedral and 

 castle. Pop. 5090. 



Collect, a short form of prayer, peculiar to the 

 liturgies of the Western Church. It consists of a 

 single sentence, conveying one main petition, which 

 is based on an attribute ascribed to God in the 

 opening invocation, and closing with an ascription 

 or praise or a pleading of the merits of Cnrist. 

 Thus much for the structure of these prayers, which, 

 whether in Latin or English, may be described, 

 alike from their noble rhythmical harmony and from 

 their pathos and devout simple earnestness, M 

 models of liturgical petitions ; the etymology of 

 their name is more difficult to determine, beyond 

 the fact that it is from the Latin colligere, 'to 

 collect.' According to some, the prayer was so 

 called because, as in the English Prayer-book, it 

 collects or condenses the teachings of the epistle 

 and gospel for the day ; but this explanation 

 applies only to the class of special collects. Accord- 

 ing to others, the term implies that the prayer 

 collects and sums up all the previous pet it ion-., or 

 gathers and offers up in one comprehensive form all 

 the spoken and unspoken petitions of the people. 

 Both these derivations are open to serious objec- 

 tions, and neither has any historical basis ; the 

 most probable view is that which traces the name 

 to the collecta, or assembly of the people for divine 

 service, at which certain prayers (ortii-x ml cot- 

 /i-i-fntn) were said, distinct from the later prayers of 

 the mass ( orationes ad missam ). Of the collects 

 used in the liturgy of the Church of England, some, 

 including most of those for saints' days since the 

 old collects were mainly prayers for the saints' 

 intercession were composed at the Reformation, 

 or even later ; but most, taken from the old Roman 

 Missal, are derived from the Sacramentaries of 

 Popes Leo, Gelasius, and Gregory (5th and 6th 

 centuries). The remoter source of the weekly 



