( oi.l.KMT.OLA 



COLLIER 



347 



in England !iiid Wales at tlie leginning of the 16th 

 <-entiiry, luit nearly all of tin-in \\cn- suppressed or 

 diMlved in Kilwanl VI. 's reign under BM Acts of 

 Henry VIII. which followed upon the dissolution 

 of the monasteries, and granted the Im-piial-. 

 chantries, ;md rolleges to the crown. Those M- 

 inaining in England are Westminster, Windsor, 

 Wolverhampton, Haytesbury, Middleham; also 

 I'.i. .un in Wales, and Gal way in Ireland. Ripon, 

 Manchester, and Southwell have been constituted 

 tin- rat lircli,ils of new dioceses. Some churches 

 called collegiate (such as Beverley ) have no chapters. 

 In the Roman Catholic Church, no new collegiate 

 church can le founded without the sanction of the 

 pope, acting on the favourable report of the Con- 

 gregation of the Council of Trent, that the necessary 

 conditions have all t>een fulfilled, such as suitable 

 jto]nilation and locality, adequate buildings, suffi- 

 cient endowments, and the assent of the diocesan 

 bishop ; while a priority of rank in their class is 

 conceded to some such churches, distinguished 1\ 

 the title ' eminent ' ( insignis ). The History of 

 Renfrewshire (1886) contains a very full and in- 

 teresting account of the collegiate church of Castle- 

 Semple, founded in 1504. 



Colleill'boln, the name given by Sir John 

 Lubbook to a tribe of wingless insects, to which the 

 Podura (q.v.) or spring- tail belongs; though he 

 and other entomologists question their claim to 

 be called insects. 



Colley, SIR GEORGE, major-general, was born 

 in 1835, and in 1852 received an ensigncy in the 2d 

 or Queen's Foot, whose headquarters, then in the 

 eastern frontier of Cape Colony, he joined in 1854. 

 He was a border magistrate in 1857-58, surveyed 

 the Trans-kei country, and served with his regiment 

 in China in 1860. He was then for some years 

 major of brigade at Plymouth, and a professor at 

 the Staff College. He ably managed the transport 

 service in the Ashanti expedition, and in 1875 ac- 

 companied Sir Garnet Wolseley to Natal, where he 

 was for some time colonial treasurer, and prepared 

 a valuable report and map of the Transvaal and 

 Swaziland. From 1876 to 1880, except for a short 

 period of service as chief of Wolseley 's staff in Zulu- 

 land and the Transvaal, he was private secretary 

 to Lord Lytton, then viceroy in India. Appointed 

 governor and commander-in-chief of Natal in April 

 1880, he commanded his small force against the 

 Boers at Laing's Nek and Ingogo, and fell, shot 

 through the forehead at Majuba Hill, February 27, 

 I ss i . See Life by Sir W. Butler ( 1899 ). 



Collie. The origin of the collie is somewhat 

 obscure, but great antiquity is claimed for it. 

 Button has gone so far as to call it the oldest 

 known breed of dogs, an opinion not now generally 

 entertained; though it is only reasonable to suppose 

 that the ancients, after providing a dog for the 

 chase, next turned their attention to obtaining a 

 guardian for their flocks. For many years collies 

 were routined to Scotland and the northern counties 

 of England, until their good points as a graceful 

 and intelligent companion attracting more atten- 

 tion, they were taken south in large numbers, and 

 l>ecame the most popular breed of the day. Thanks 

 to judicious breeding and a large expenditure of 

 money, the best show collies are now all found in 

 England. Tempted by the demand for hlack-and- 

 tan dogs, a cross with the Gordon setter was 

 retorted to, producing many collies with the Hat 

 ears and open coat of the setter, a cross to be 

 avoided at all costs. In judging the collie the fact 

 should never be forgotten that it is meant to do 

 work in all weathers, requiring the l>est of legs 

 and feet, a close coat, and a strong active body 

 capable of great speed ; and that a long and beauti- 

 ful coat, if unaccompanied by a thick under-coat, 



is a hindrance, not a protection. The chief point* 

 of the collie are head long and sharp, with 

 bright, keen eyes, net rather clone together, and a 

 small ear drooping slightly at the tips; back 

 strong arid muscular ; legs with plenty of bone and 

 not too much feather, bare below the hocks ; feet 



Collie. 



round and cat-like. The collie should have a 

 short dense under-coat fitted to withstand the 

 severest wet or cold, with a long and beautiful 

 outer-coat springing from it ; round the neck this 

 coat develops into a 'ruff' 1 or 'frill' which sticks 

 out in front and on each side to a great length, 

 adding largely to the dog's beauty. Many anec- 

 dotes are told of the collie, who from his 

 intimate association with man has acquired almost 

 human intelligence, a good dog being able to 

 separate the sheep under his care from those of 

 other flocks. The collie often deteriorates in in- 

 telligence when kept merely as a companion ; he 

 is apt to get cross-tempered, a fact which the 

 shepherd does not consider a fault, as it prevents 

 strangers interfering with the sheep. But when 

 not spoilt no dog makes such an agreeable com- 

 panion as the collie, as his instinct is to attach 

 himself to one person to whom he becomes devoted. 



Collier* ARTHUR, metaphysician, the son of a 

 clergyman, was born in 1680 'at Langford Magna, 

 Wiltshire, studied at Oxford, and became rector of 

 the family living at Langford in 1704, remaining 

 there till his death in 1732. At Balliol College, 

 Collier had devoted himself to the study of Descartes 

 and Malebranche ; and his notable "book, Clavis 

 Universalis, or a New Inquiry after Truth, being a 

 Demonstration of the Non-existence and Impossi- 

 bility of the External World ( which, though pub- 

 lished in 1713, was written ten years Itefore), coin- 

 cides in a remarkable way with Berkeley's Theory 

 of } 'ision ( published 1 709 )'. He was a High-Church- 

 man, and wrote also A Specimen of True Philosophy 

 (1730) and a Logology (1732). 



Collier, JEREMY, nonjuror and purifier of the 

 English stage, was Ixirn at Stow cum i^uy, in 

 Cambridgeshire, 23d September 1650. His father 

 was a clerical schoolmaster at Ipswich, and here 

 and at Cains College, Cambridge, he was educated, 

 graduating B.A. in 1672. For six years he was 

 rector of Ampton, near Bun- St Edmunds, and 

 for some years before the Revolution he was 

 lecturer at Gray's Inn. His reply to Dr Gilbert 

 Burnet's Inquiry into the State of Affairs ( 1688) cost 

 him some months' imprisonment in Newgate. He 

 ne\t waged warfare on the crown with a succession 

 of incisive pamphlets, carrying his refusal to recog- 



