COLLIERS AND SALTER8 



< <H. UN'S 



349 



lost notes of Coleridge's lectures on Shakespeare 

 uinl Milton, delivered in 1811. Collier, in the 

 course of alxtrtive proceedings for liliel again-t 

 Mrae's publisher, swore to the truth of his state- 

 ment- re-pe.-tiiijj l>oth tin- Perkins folio and his 

 Coleridge notes. Meantime he had been judi- 

 cious enough to ktM'p his folio from the eyes of 

 experts. Km at length in 1H.">!(, the Duke of Devon- 

 shire, to whose predecessor Collier had given it 

 in |.s:.:{. -rut it, at Sir F. Madden 's request, to 

 tin- l!i it Mi Museum for examination. The result 

 \\.i- ;i conclusive proof, by Mr N. Hamilton in 

 letters to the Times, and more completely in IIH 

 Jti'/niry (1860), that the boasted 17th-century 

 emendations were entirely recent fabrications. 

 Still further forgeries were later brought to light 

 in Mr Warner's Catalogue of MSS. at Dulwich 

 College (1883), from which Collier had prepared 

 three publications for the Shakespeare Society. 

 Collier replied angrily in the Times, in his 

 long Reply (1860), the disingenuousness of which 

 injured his reputation as much as the facts 

 of his antagonist. The controversy widened, but 

 every competent writer concluded against Collier, 

 the only question that remained uncertain being 

 whether he himself was merely a dupe or more. 

 Unhappily for the name of a sound scholar ruined 

 by one fatal weakness, this too was answered by 

 the discovery after his death of some manipulated 

 books in his own library. In 1847 Collier was 

 named secretary to the tioyal Commission on the 

 British Museum., and in 1850 he removed to Maiden- 

 head, where he died 17th September 1883. He 

 had enjoyed since October 1850 a civil list pension 

 of 100. His later books were A Booke of Rox- 

 iiitnjhe Ballads (1847), Extracts from the Registers 

 of the Stationers' Company (2 vols. 1848-49), The 

 Dramatic. Works of Thomas Heywood ( 1850-51 ), a 

 good edition of Spenser (5 vols. 1862), a series of 

 .small reprints of rare 18th and 17th century pieces 

 in prose and verse (1863-71), Bibliographical and 

 ( 'ntii-al Account of the Rarest Books in the English 

 J.'inijaage ( 1865), and An Old Man's Diary Forty 

 Years Ago (1871-72). See Dr Ingleby's Complete 

 }'ii /r of the Shakspere Controversy (1861). 



Colliers and S alters. See, under Slavery, 

 Vol. IX. page 500, section SERFDOM. 



Collimator, a subsidiary telescope used to 

 detect or correct errors in collimation (i.e. in 

 directing the sight to a fixed object) when adjust- 

 ing for transit observations. VVhen the vertical 

 thread in the field of view exactly coincides with 

 the vertical axis of a telescope, the instrument is 

 col/imated vertically ; and when the horizontal 

 spider's thread just covers the horizontal axis, the 

 instrument is correct in horizontal collimation. If 



three solid piers stand on the meridian, so that the 

 telescope to be tested can be laid between the col- 

 limators and have its axis coincident with both of 

 theirs, the principle of correction becomes almost 

 self-obvious. Removing the great telescope, the 

 oolliniators (AA' and BB' in fig.) are adjusted till 



the croHH-wires in one coincide perfectly with thoM 

 of the other in all pu iMc po-ition-. Then re- 

 placing the transit circle,' it is examin 



examined and 



! I iv reference, first to one, and then the other 

 collimator, the verification requiring that it lie 

 turned through IKO' till the thread- in the three 

 fields of view absolutely coincide, and the collima- 

 tion is pronounced perfect. 



Practical astronomers set great value on the col- 

 limator (in the arrangement just described) for 

 having entirely superseded the 'meridian mark.' 

 By Kittenhouse's principle a telescope can become 

 it- own collimator, especially in determining the 

 nadir point. When the axis is vertical over a 

 vessel containing mercury, the telescope will lie 

 collimated when the cross- wires are brougnt to exact 

 coincidence with their image seen in the mercury. 

 See TELESCOPE. 



Collingrwood, a town of Ontario, on the south 

 shore of Georgian Bay, where it connects the rail- 

 ways with the Huron lake steamers. It has several 

 factories, ship-yards, and grain-elevators, and a con- 

 siderable trade in lumber and grain. Pop. ( 1871 ) 

 2829; (1891)4940. 



Collingwood, CUTHHERT, LORD, admiral, 

 was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 26th September 

 1750. Sent to sea as a volunteer at the age of 

 eleven, his life thenceforth, with the exception of 

 some half-dozen years, was spent wholly on board 

 ship. From 1778 his career was closely connected 

 with that of Nelson, whom he followed up the 

 ladder of promotion step by step, until Nelson's 

 death left the topmost round vacant for himself. 

 Among the great naval victories in which Colling- 

 wood bore a prominent part, were those of Lord 

 Howe oft' Brest in 1794 ; of Lord Jervis off Cape 

 St Vincent in 1797 ; and of Trafalgar in 1805, 

 where he held the second command. In the last- 

 named engagement, his ship was, by Nelson's com- 

 mand, the first to break through the line of the com- 

 bined French and Spanish fleets ; and after Nelson 

 had received his death-wound, he assumed the 

 chief direction. A peerage was his reward for his 

 gallant conduct in this battle. He died at sea, 

 7th March 1810, but was buried beside Nelson, in 

 St Paul's. Collingwood was not the stuff great 

 tacticians are made of, and his talents as a com- 

 mander-in-chief were at best mediocre ; but he was 

 a brave and capable seaman, earnest and pious as a 

 man, firm and mild as an officer, and admirable as 

 a second in command. See his Correspondence and 

 Life, by his son-in-law ( 1828), and shorter Lives of 

 him by W. Davies (2d ed. 1878) and Clark Russell 

 ( 1891 ). 



Collins, ANTHONY, deist, was born 21st June 

 1676, at Heston, near Hounslow, in Middlesex, 

 and was the son of a country gentleman. He 

 studied at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, 

 and became the disciple and friend of John Locke. 

 In 1707 he published his Essay concerning the Use 

 of Human Reason ; and in 1709, his Priestcraft in 

 /'< /;/ ' rtion. The controversy excited by this last 

 work induced Collins to write his Historical and 

 ('ritii-al Essay on the Thirty-nine Articles. His 

 next work was a Vindication of the Divine Attri- 

 butf.t, in reply to King, Archbishop of Dublin, who 

 assert eil the compatibility of Divine Predestination 

 and Human Freedom. Collins was a philoso- 

 phical Necessitarian, and afterwards advocated his 

 opinions more fully in his Philosophical Inquiry 

 cnni-crninq Liberty and Necessity (1715). In 1711 

 he visited Holland, where he made the friend-hip 

 of Le Clerc and other eminent literati. In 1713 

 he published his Discourse on Free-thinking, the 

 best known, and the most important of all his 

 works ; to it Bentley made reply in his famous 

 Remarks. In 1713 Collins made a second visit to 



