404 



CONDITION 



CONDOR 



return. The doctrine of condition in feudal grants 

 is in the law of Scotland very simple. Apart from 

 entails, which were authorised by statute, such con- 

 ditions must be intended to protect some valuable 

 interest of the superior. Such are the clauses of 

 pre-emption, the now obsolete clause prohibiting 

 subinfeudation, clauses to preserve the plan of a 

 town, or to prevent nuisances. Probably a condition 

 against public-houses is valid, as in the case of the 

 Grangemouth feus by Lord Zetland. If properly 

 inserted and recorded in the titles, sucli clauses may 

 entitle the superior not merely to refuse an entry 

 under the old law, but to reduce the vassal's title. 



Conditions of sale is the name used in England 

 for what are called articles of roup in Scotland. 

 These are generally printed along with the particu- 

 lars of sale and distributed among those attending 

 the auction. They provide what sort of title the 

 purchaser is to accept. Similarly, conditions are 

 prefixed to catalogues of furniture and books. 



Condition, in Logic, denotes that which must 

 precede the operation of a cause. It is not regarded 

 as that which produces an effect, but as that which 

 renders the production of one possible to some 

 logicians, however, a distinction without a differ- 

 ence. For instance, when an impression is made 

 on wax by a seal, the seal is said to be the cause ; 

 the softness or fluidity of the wax, a condition. 



The Philosophy of the Conditioned was a phrase 

 brought into use by Sir W. Hamilton to express 

 the inability of the human mind to conceive or 

 reason respecting the Absolute and the Infinite. 

 Our thought, according to him, can only be of the 

 relative and the finite, of which these terms are but 

 the negations ; relativity and finitude are the con- 

 ditions under which the human intelligence oper- 

 ates. In one of his dissertations on this, he 

 criticised and endeavoured to refute the opposite 

 position as maintained by Cousin a modification 

 of the previous doctrine of Schelling that 'the 

 Unconditioned, the Absolute, the Infinite, is imme- 

 diately known in consciousness, and this by differ- 

 ence, plurality, and relation.' Dean Mansel, in his 

 Bampton Lectures (1858), brought Hamilton's doc- 

 trine into special prominence, and dwelt on the 

 relativity of knowledge, as a great fundamental 

 law of the human mind. 



Conditional Immortality is a tenet held 

 by a theological school which denies the inherent 

 immortality of the soul, and the consequent doc- 

 trines both of eternal misery and of Universalism 

 as contrary to the teachings both of nature and 

 of revelation. Its advocates maintain that the 

 Bible sets immortality before men as something to 

 be sought after ( Rom. ii. 7 ), as a divine gift offered 

 on certain conditions (Rom. vi. 23; John, iii. 15, 

 16), and as a matter of hope and promise in the 

 present life (Titus, i. 2); that this immortality is 

 not a present possession (Mark, x. 30), and is to be 

 realised by the assumption of a spiritual body at the 

 resurrection of regenerate men from the dead ( Luke, 

 xx. 35, 36 ), an event synchronous with the second 

 coming of Christ (1 Cor. xv. 51, 52). Divine testi- 

 mony, no less than experience, they say, declares 

 unequivocally that man has the same natural life 

 as all other animals (Eccles. iii. 19), and only those 

 who by faith and obedience are united to Christ 

 have the promise of immortality. The Calvinistic 

 doctrine of eternal misery is untenable, the punish- 

 ment of sin being death or everlasting destruction, 

 to be inflicted subsequent to a judgment after the 

 Lord returns (2 Thess. i. 9, 10). The dogma of 

 Universalism, the only alternative to endless tor- 

 ment if the soul must live for ever, is also, they 

 maintain, unfounded, since the punishment of sin 

 ( death ) is said to be everlasting, like the life which 

 is the reward of the righteous ( Matt. xxv. 46 ). It 



is claimed that a succession of eminent and pious 

 men have upheld this doctrine from apostolic times, 

 among Avhom may be mentioned Justin Martyr, 

 Clement of Alexandria, Irenseus, &c. 



Conditional immortality has received considerable 

 impulse in recent years from many able and zealous 

 advocates, notably the late William Leask, D.D., 

 editor of the Rainbow, and Rev. Edward White. 

 The Conditional Immortality Mission started in 

 Britain in 1878 has done much, by means of lectures, 

 publications, and annual conferences held in various 

 cities, to disseminate this view. It has an organ, 

 The Bible Standard, published monthly by the 

 secretary. Many churches have been organised 

 in Great Britain and its colonies, as well as in 

 America, having conditional immortality as part of 

 their doctrinal basis. The best modern works on 

 the subject are Life in Christ, by Edward White ; 

 The Life Everlasting and The unspeakable Gift, 

 by J. H. Pettingell ; Hades, by Henry Constable ; 

 Duration and Nature of Future Punishment, by 

 the same author. 



Condom, a town in the French department 

 of Gers, pleasantly situated on a height above the 

 confluence of the Baise and the Gele, 20 miles SW. 

 of Agen by rail. It has one fine church, once a 

 cathedral ; and was formerly the capital of the ex- 

 tensive Gascon district of Condomois, now included 

 in the departments of Landes and Lot-et-Garonne. 

 Bossuet was Bishop. of Condom for a year (1669). 

 Pop. 5070. 



Condonation, in the legal phraseology both of 

 Great Britain and the United States, means for- 

 giveness granted by the injured party, and may be 

 urged by the guilty party as a defence against an 

 action of divorce on the ground of adultery. See 

 DIVORCE. 



Condor (Sttreorhcemphau condor or gryphus), 

 the great vulture of the Andes, one of the largest 

 and most remarkable birds. Among the wide order 

 of Accipitres, or Birds of Prey, the condor is the 

 grandest representative of the family Cathartidoe, 



Condor. 



or New- World Vultures. These may be at once 

 distinguished from Old-World forms by the incom- 

 pleteness of the partition between the nostrils, by 

 having, to put it more plainly, ' a hole through 

 their nose.' The beak is also constricted at the 

 end of the 'cere,' and the feathers have no 'after- 

 shaft. ' 



Among these New-World vultures, the condor is 

 chief. Though its size and strength have been 

 often exaggerated, this magnificent bird is probably 



