460 



CO-PARTNERY 



COPENHAGEN 



tinct share of it, and consequently there is no 

 benefit of survivorship as in joint-tenancy, but the 

 right of each descends to his or her heirs. The rule 

 of descent is also per stirpes, so that the heirs of one 

 who has predeceased the common ancestor take 

 only the share which would have come to their 

 iinmediate ancestor had he or she survived, and 

 thus in the rare case of gavelkind a grandson of 

 the common ancestor will also exclude his own 

 sisters. Division may be carried through by 

 voluntary agreement, or by a suit in Chancery. 

 Such parts of the property as cannot be divided 

 (such as the manor-house, &c. ) pass to the eldest 

 sister or her issue, but an equivalent in value 

 is assigned to the remaining sisters. These prin- 

 ciples resemble closely the law of common property 

 in Scotland, as to which the right of" individual 

 management extends only to necessary operations, 

 not to extraordinary use of the subject. Each pro 

 indiviso owner may sell his right, and, except in 

 the case of conjunct rights to husband and wife 

 (which are considered indivisible), may insist on 

 an action of declarator and division. If the subject 

 is naturally indivisible, as a brewery, it may be 

 sold and the price divided. In the case of heirs- 

 portioners in Scotland, also, such things as a peer- 

 age, a public office, or a mansion-house with 

 accessories form a prcecipuum for the eldest sister. 

 Where the prcecipuum conies under a settlement, 

 compensation is generally due to the younger sisters. 

 An Advowson (q.v.) is exercised in turns, accord- 

 ing to seniority. 



Co-partnery. See PARTNERSHIP. 

 Cope (Lat. cappa, pluviale), an ecclesiastical 

 vestment worn in the Latin Church during pro- 

 cessions, solemn lauds and vespers, and other 

 solemnities, but not by the cele- 

 brant at mass. The Greek form 

 of the cope ( manduas ) is restricted 

 to archimandrites and bishops. 

 The cope of the former is plain, 

 that of the latter with a pattern 

 of wavy stripes. The Armenians 

 alone use the cope as the vest- 

 ment for mass. In the Church 

 of England the cope was allowed 

 as an alternative to the vest- 

 ment or chasuble by the Common 

 Prayer-book of 1549. Both were 

 forbidden by that of 1552, but 

 legally revived under Elizabeth 

 in 1559. By Canon xxiv. of 1603, 

 the principal minister at the Holy 

 Communion in cathedral or col- 

 legiate churches, together with 

 the epistoler and gospeller, is 

 directed to wear the cope, and 

 at Durham it was so worn till 

 Bishop Trevor's episcopate ( 1752- 

 71 ), when one of the prebendaries 

 disused it, finding it interfered 

 with his wig. The cope, how- 

 ever, has been customarily worn 

 by the clergy officiating at coro- 

 nations ; while some further re- 

 vival of its use has taken place of late years. The 

 cope was originally a cloak worn for ordinary pur- 

 poses. In form it is a semicircle, without sleeves 

 and with a hood. It is fastened across the breast 

 with a clasp or morse. Copes soon began to be 

 ornamented with embroidery, and even with jewels ; 

 and so early as the 13th century they became the 

 most magnificent and costly of all the vestments 

 of the priesthood. 



Cope, CHARLES WEST, R.A., subject-painter, 

 was born at Leeds in 1811, the son of a landscape- 

 painter. He attended the schools of the Royal 



Cope. 



Academy, and studied for two years in Italy. He 

 began to exhibit in the Academy in 1833, and 



Sroduced a long series of sacred, historical, and 

 omestic subjects. In 1843 his cartoon, ' The First 

 Trial by Jury,' gained a 300 prize at the West- 

 minster Hall competition ; ana in 1844 lie was 

 selected to execute, in the House of Lords, a mural 

 painting of ' The Black Prince,' which was followed 

 by 'Prince Henry,' and in the Peers' Corridor a. 

 series of eight subjects from the Civil War, com- 

 pleted about 1865. He was elected an A.R.A. in 

 1843, and an R.A. in 1848; and from 1867 to 1874 

 he held the professorship of Painting. He retired 

 in 1883. He was an original member of the Etch- 

 ing Club, and his plate of ' The Life Class of the 

 Royal Academy ' (1865) ranks as one of the most 

 vigorous figure-subjects ever etched by an English- 

 man. Died August 21, 1890. 



Cope EDWARD DRINKER, American naturalist, 

 born in Philadelphia, 28th July 1840, was professor 

 of Natural Sciences at Haverford College, 1864-67, 

 and afterwards appointed palaeontologist to the 

 United States Geological Survey. His numerous 

 papers and works on palaeontology are highly 

 valued ; and to the discussion of the theory of 

 evolution he contributed over a dozen works of im- 

 portance. He was a member of numerous scien- 

 tific societies in America and in Europe, and among 

 other recognitions of his services to science, he, in 

 1879, received the Bigsby gold medal of the Royal 

 Geological Society. Died April 12, 1897. 



Cope, SIR JOHN, an English general, was a. 

 cornet in 1707, and, having been made a Knight 

 of the Bath, in 1742 commanded the troops sent to 

 the assistance of Maria Theresa. On the landing of 

 Prince Charles Edward in 1745, Cope was com- 

 mander-in-chief of the government forces in Scot- 

 land. After a fruitless march to the Highlands, he 

 returned with his troops by sea to Dunbar, and on 

 21st Sept. was totally defeated at Prestonpans. 

 His defeat is celebrated in the Jacobite song, * Hey, 

 Johnnie Cope, are ye waukin' yet?' Cope died 28th 

 July 1760. See Life by Cadell ( 1899 ). 



Copec. See KOPECK. 



Copenhagen (Dan. Kfobenhavn, 'Merchants' 

 Haven ' ), the capital of Denmark, and headquarters 

 of the national commerce, literature, and art, is 

 situated on the low-lying eastern shore of the island 

 of Zealand, in the Sound, which is here about 12 

 miles broad ; an outlying portion, Christianshavn, 

 stands at the north end of the island of Amager or 

 Amak, which is separated from Zealand by a- 

 narrow arm of the sea. The channel forms a fine 

 and capacious harbour, which is bridged over so as 

 to connect Christianshavn and the main part of the 

 city at two points. The fortifications on the land 

 side have been removed since 1863 ; so that the 

 city has now practically incorporated the suburbs 

 Osterbro, Norrebro, Vesterbro, and Frederiksberg. 

 The total population in 1735 was 60,000 ; in 1835, 

 120,000 ; in 1880, 235,254 ; and in 1890 it was, with 

 suburbs, 375,215. To counterbalance the expected 

 injury to the city's commerce from the opening of the 

 Baltic Canal, a great free port (free from customs 

 dues) was constructed in 1890-94 to the north of 

 the harbour. The business quarter stretches from 

 the harbour in a north-east direction towards the 

 principal and central square, Kongens Nytorv, 

 which in itself forms the focus of the life of the city. 

 Farther north and east of this point lies the 

 aristocratic quarter, with the handsome Amalien- 

 borg Square and its royal and ministerial palaces ;, 

 this district is bounded in the extreme north by the 

 citadel and the adjoining public gardens and walks 

 on the shores of the Sound. 



Amongst its few buildings of historical interest 

 or intrinsic beauty, the metropolitan cathedral 



