COKNKU, IMVKKSITV 



486 



Cornell University, named from its founder, 

 Ezra Cornell (1807 1*71), bftitafcted in the city of 

 Itliaea, N.V.,uii(l was opened in I SON, on a thor- 

 oughly unsectarian basis. By the terms of its 

 charter it must educate, free of all fees, one stu- 

 dent annually from each of the 128 MMfflbly <U- 

 crietsof the State of New York, besides providing 

 instruction in " agriculture nnd tlio mechanic arte, 

 in return for tin- income derived from the Bale of 

 Hvi.tMH) acres of public, lands, which was transferred 

 t.i ii liy the State. The endowment funds now (1898) 

 mount to over $6,300,000. Besides the four gen- 

 eral courses of four years each in arts, philoso- 

 phy, letters, and science, the university provides 

 instruction in many lines of graduate work, in 

 architecture, in civil, electrical, mechanical, and 

 marine engineering. There is a flourishing school 

 of law. There are 39 fellowships and graduate 

 scholarships and 36 scholarships for undergradu- 

 ates, all of which are awarded for excellence in 

 attainments. The libraries are finely equipped for 

 the most advanced and special work in all lines, con- 

 taining over 200,000 volumes and receiving over 400 

 current periodicals. Among its numerous well-ap- 

 pointed Duildings is Sage College, a dormitory for 

 women. In 1897-98 the number of instructors was 

 191, and of students 2042. 



Cornet (Ital. cornetto, Fr. cornet d piston), a 

 brass treble wind-instrument, with a cup mouth- 

 piece, is a comparatively modern modification of 

 the Trumpet (q.v.). The tube, which is more 

 tapered than in the trumpet, is less so than in the 

 Bugle (q.v.), giving the cornet a tone intermediate 

 between these, and more in harmony with other 

 brass instruments of the trombone and saxhorn 

 kind. It has the usual open notes, C (below the 

 treble stave), G, C, E (stave), G, Bb, E (above the 

 stave ). It has also four higher notes, D, E, F, G, and 

 a fundamental note, C (octave below the stave), 

 but they are almost never used. To provide the 

 connecting notes and half notes of the scale, it has 

 three slides ( 1, 2, 3 in the fig.), the first, lengthening 

 the tube to the extent of one tone ; the second, a 

 semitone ; the third, three semitones. In playing, 

 the air is diverted through these slides by means of 

 three valves or pistons, which are depressed by the 

 fingers of the performer, singly or in combination. 



Although the cornet, from its recent invention, 

 has not a place in classical music, it is sometimes 

 used to play trumpet parts ; and in modern orches- 

 tral music, it is an indispensable and popular solo 



Cornet. 



instrument. In military reed and brass bands it is 

 a solo and leading instrument respectively. 



Originally the cornet or cornojteun, as it was then 

 called, was provided with 'crooks' (pieces of tube 

 to insert between the instrument and the mouth- 

 piece), to alter the pitch, which is naturally Bp, 

 to A, Av, G, and others, but it is now only used in 

 B? and A. Smaller cornets in fib and Db are 

 sometimes used in military brass bands. The 

 cornet-stop in the organ is named after an obsolete 

 wind-instrument of the oboe species. 



Cornet ( Ital. conietta, ' a Hinull Hag ' ) wn>, until 

 1871, the lowest grade of commi-- ioned ollicer in 

 the cavalry, equivalent to //<,///< in the infantry, 

 one of his duties Keing to hear the standard, which, 

 however, is only carried by heavy cavalry regiments 

 in i he Hi it Mi army. With the lieutenant he 

 assisted the captain in the daily duties connected 

 with the troop to which he l>elonged. Before the 

 al>olition of purchase in 1871 a cornet's commission 

 used to cost 450; but much larger sums were 

 habitually paid in celebrated or fashionable corps. 

 The pay was 8s. per day, with Is. or Is. 6d. extra 

 for field allowance. In 1871 cornets were altolUhed, 

 sub-lieutenants (who are merely probationary lieu- 

 tenants) being substituted. 



CornetO a picturesque, medieval -looking town 

 of Central Italy, 12 miles N. of Civita Vecchia 

 by rail, 3 miles from the Mediterranean. Pop. 

 6175. Corneto rose out of the ruins of the Etruscan 

 city of Tarquinii, whose remains, within a mile and 

 a half of Corneto, are amongst the most important 

 for the student of Etruscan nistory. The painted 

 tombs, of which some twenty are specially inter- 

 esting, were known in the 18th century; but it is 

 mainly since 1842 that they have been examined ; 

 valuable new discoveries were made during excava- 

 tions in 1881-82. See ETRURIA. 



Corn-flour is the name applied to the finely 

 ground flour of Maize (q.v.) or Indian corn. 



Corn-flower ( see CENTAUREA ) is a well-known 

 composite weed of cornfields, universally known 



Corn-flower, or Blue-bottle (Centaurea cyanut). 



and admired for the beauty of its wreath-like circle 

 of outer barren florets, and the splendid deep azure 

 of their hue. It was formerly of some little medi- 

 cinal repute, and its blue flowers were used in 

 domestic dyeing ; from early times, too, it has been 

 used for decoration in wreaths and garlands. This 

 use became specially prominent in Germany after 

 1870, on account of its being the Emperor William's 

 favourite flower. 



Cornice. In classical architecture the cornice 

 is the uppermost member of the entablature, sur- 

 mounting the frieze. Each of the orders has its 

 peculiar cornice; but these, j^^^ heir relation to 

 the other portions of the ent^l Be, will be better 

 understood when explaineflB|^^J>njunction with 

 that term (see ENTABLATTRE). In the Gothic 

 styles the form of the cornice varies greatly. In 

 Provence and countries where Roman work 

 al-oiinded. the classic cornice was closely imitated 

 (see ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE). In other 



