CORNWALL 



CORONATION 



491 



Cornwall, BARRY. See PROCTKK. 

 Cornwallis CAROLINE FRANCES, was born on 



the 1'Jtli July I7H<>, tlio (laughter of the rector of 

 \Vitterslmm iiinl Kltham, in Kent. She acquired 

 & thorough knowledge of Latin and Greek, and 

 making herself conversant with nearly every Htudy 

 which ixvu|>ii's thoughtful men, from an early age 

 she carried <>n a correspondence with many emi- 

 nent persons. Her refusal to accept the hand of 

 Sisinondi did not forfeit his friendship, and -he 

 lived much in Italy. Her first work, PnttOKOkieal 

 Tli>-rii-x unit l'/ii/n.iji/tic(il Experience, by a Pariah 

 '. IM-), was the first of a series of twenty 'Small 

 Books on Great Subjects,' the said subjects in- 

 cluding the Connection of Physiology and Intel- 

 lectnal Science, Ragged Schools, Criminal Law, 



Greek Philosophy, and the History and Influence 

 of Christian Opinions. Miss Cornwallis also pub- 

 lished in 1847, Pericles, a Tale of Athens. She 

 died at Lidwells, in Kent, 8th January 1858. See 

 her Lett !.< nmi Remains (1864). 



Cornwallis, CHARLES, MARQUIS, an English 

 .general and statesman, son of the first Earl Corn- 

 wallis, was born in London, December 31, 1738, and 

 was educated at Eton and the Military Academy of 

 Turin. He served as aide-de-camp to the Marquis 

 -of Granby during part of the Seven Years' \\ ar ; 

 in 1766 was made a colonel ; four years later, 

 .governor of the Tower of London ; and the year 

 after a major-general. In 1760 he had been returned 

 to parliament for the family borough of Eye. 

 Though personally opposed to the policy of forcing 

 taxes upon the American colonists, he accepted a 

 command in the war, and with an inferior force 

 gained a victory over General Gates at Camden 

 in August 1780, and more than held his own 

 Against General Greene at Guilford, March 1781. 

 But his operations were hampered by the incapa- 

 city of his superiors, Howe, and after him, Clinton ; 

 And at length he was forced to surrender with all 

 his troops at Yorktown, Virginia, 19th October 

 1781. This disaster proved the ruin of the 

 British cause in America, and was the occasion 

 of much dissatisfaction, resulting in a change of 

 ministers at home. Cornwallis, however, who was 

 high in favour with the king, escaped censure. In 

 1786 he was appointed governor-general of India 

 and commauder-m-chief, and in this double capacity 

 distinguished himself by his victories over Tippoo 

 Saili. and by unwearying efforts to promote the 

 welfare of the natives, that proved less successful 

 than they deserved. Ale returned from India in 

 1793, when he was raised to the rank of Marquis. 

 As lord-lieutenant of Ireland, with Castlereagh as 

 his secretary, he crushed the '98 rebellion, and 

 showed a rare union of humanity and vigour in 

 his measures for the pacification of the country. 

 As plenipotentiary to France he negotiated the 

 peace of Amiens in 1802, but showed little skill in 

 diplomacy. Bdappointed governor-general of India 

 in 1804, he died at Ghazipur, in the province of 

 Benares, October 5, 1805, on his way to assume the 

 command of the army in the Upper Provinces. See 

 his Correspondence, ed. by Charles Ross (1859); 

 and the Life (in ' Rulers of India') by Karr (1890). 



Coro, a town of Venezuela, in Falcon state, lies 

 About 210 miles WN W. of Caracas, near the Golfete 

 de Coro. It has a fine aqueduct, and a college ; 

 but it has greatly declined since the period 1527-78, 

 when it was the capital of the Spanish province. 

 Pop. 9100. There are valuable coal-mines near. 

 'The port is La Vela, 7 miles NE. by rail. 



Corolla. See CALYX, FLOWER. 



Cor'ollary, a proposition the truth of which 

 Appears so clearly from the proof of another pro- 

 position as not to require separate demonstra- 

 tion. 



a, the Corona. 



CoroinaildYl Coast is a name UHed vaguely 

 for the major part of the eastern roost of what 14 

 now the province of Madras, on the went Hhore of 

 the Bay of Bengal. It ha* hardly a single safe 

 place of refuge for large vesw?l. The name i 

 probably a corruption of t'/iuluinandalam, 'country 

 of the Cholas,' an old Dravidian jn'ople. 



Coro'na, or CROWN, in Botany, an appendage 

 of the corolla in some flowers ; sometimes developed 

 as a crown- like circlet within the petals, as in the 

 common white narcissus, or prolonged like an in- 

 ternal united corolla, as in the daffodil. Much 

 discussion has taken place as to it - morphological 

 nature, at first as to whether it was to be regarded 

 as composed of modified stamens or supernumerary 

 petals. But in many Caryophylleoj (e.g. Lychnis) 

 each petal is seen to bear a ligule, so called from its 

 resemblance to that of a grass-leaf ( see GRASSES ). 

 These are regarded as of stipular origin ; and in 

 this way we come to look at the corona of a nar- 

 cissus as composed neither of modified petals nor 

 stamens, but of the united petaline stipules. See 

 NARCISSUS. 



Corona (Lat., 'a crown'), in Architecture, the 

 drip, or lower member of the projecting or upper part 

 of a classical cornice 



(see ENTABLATURE). J^^^^^^^M^^BM-J 

 The term corona is also 

 applied to the apse or 

 semicircular termina- 

 tion of the choir. 

 Corona is also applied 

 in ecclesiological no- 

 menclature to a chandelier, in the form of a crown 

 or circlet, suspended from the roof of a church. 



Corona. See SUN. 



Corona BorPalis, a small and bright con- 

 stellation near Hercules. 



Coronach, a name formerly used for the 

 funeral dirge amongst the Irish and the Scottish 

 Highlanders. The dirge, disused in Scotland, is in 

 Ireland now commonly known as the keen. 



Coronation. The practice of placing a crown 

 on the head of a monarch at the commencement of 

 his reign is very ancient, and there is probably 

 scarcely any country in which it has not been 

 followed in one form or another. Generally it has 

 been accompanied by what was regarded as the 

 still more solemn nte of anointing with oil, a 

 ceremony which, from the times of the ancient 

 Hebrews to our own, has been peculiarly significant 

 of consecration or devotion to the service of God. 

 In England, before the Norman Conquest, the term 

 was more usually 'hallowing' or consecration than 

 coronation ; but it would seem that the ceremony 

 as then performed at Kingston-on-Thanies or Win- 

 chester was in all essentials the same as that which 

 now takes place in Westminster Abbey, though 

 now the ceremony is a mere pageant. Detailed 

 accounts of many English coronations, from 

 Richard I. downwards, have been preserved. 



There have been considerable variation- from time 

 to time in the oath. Originally the king pledged 

 himself to three things peace and reverence to 

 God and the church, justice to the people, the 

 upholding of good and abolition of batl laws. In 

 Edward II.'s time it became more precise, and 

 assumed the form of question and answer. The 

 present form was settled after the Revolution of 

 1688. By it the sovereign, in a series of responses to 

 questions by the Archbishop of Canterbury, sweare 

 to govern the people of the United Kingdom accord- 

 ing to the statutes in parliament agreed on ; to 

 cause law and justice, in mercy, to be executed ; 

 and to preserve and maintain the Protestant re- 

 ligion established by law. This oath was held 



