COKONKT 



( OHOT 



493 



tht succession war and the French connection ; and 

 in Scotland the duties are now chiefly performed 

 by an officer appointed by the crown, styled the 

 Inrocurator- fiscal (q.v. ). In Ireland the office of 

 coroner is regulated by 9 and 10 Viet. chap. 37. 



Set- Ji-rvi-., iiffi,-,' mi'f Ittitifs nf Cnrnntr (new c<l. 



1880). 



In the United States the coroner is generally 

 elected for a specified term by the voters of each 

 county. He is authorised to employ deputies, 

 assistants or clerks, as well as a legal adviser, and 

 a physician to examine the cases which come before 

 him. His powers and duties relating to the inquiry 

 into cases of sudden or violent death are sub- 

 stantially the same as those of an English coroner. 

 But he is confined to this function. Nor does the 

 inquisition found before the coroner dispense with 

 the necessity of an indictment found bv the grand 

 jury, as in England. In cases where the sheriff is 

 absent or disabled, the coroner may sometimes act 

 as an executive officer in his stead. He must in 

 each term make a report under his official seal to 

 the Court of Common Pleas of the state. 



Coronet* an inferior sort of crown worn by 

 persons of princely or noble rank, as a crown 

 properly so called is worn by a sovereign. In 

 England, coronets were worn by peers as for back 

 as the reign of Edward III. ; but the definite form 

 given to the coronets of the different orders of the 

 peerage is of later date, as is also the practice of 

 placing within the coronet a cap of crimson velvet 

 lined with ermine' and surmounted by a gold tassel. 

 The use of coronets by barons began in the reign of 

 Charles II. Peers wear their coronets on the 

 occasion of the coronation of a sovereign ; and they 

 are placed over representations of their arms, this 

 being done even in the case of peers by courtesy. 

 In 1665 Charles II. granted warrants to the Scot- 

 tish and Irish kings of arms for the peers of those 

 kingdoms to wear coronets similar to those of peers 

 of England. 



The following are the distinctive forms of the 

 coronets in use in the United Kingdom : The 

 coronet of the Prince of Wales differs from the 

 royal crown only by the absence of one of the 



arches. The coronets of other princes, sons of the 

 sovereign, are without arches. Princes, sons of 

 the above, have a similar coronet, with strawberry- 

 leaves substituted for fleurs-de-lis. The coronet of 

 a duke has above the rim of gold eight strawlx-i i y 

 leaves, of which five are shown in pictorial represen- 

 tation. That of a marquis has four strawberry- 

 leaves, alternating with as many large pearls upon 

 short points. The coronet of an earl has eight 



points of more considerable height, with a pearl act 

 on each, alternating with ax many strawberry- 

 leaves on the rim below. A viscount's coronet has 

 sixteen, and a baron's six pearls set directly on the 

 rim. The so-called pearls are always made of 

 silver. No coronet belonging to a peer not of the 

 royal family should be adorned with jewels. 



The term ducal coronet is sometimes applied in 

 heraldry to a decorative coronet like tnat of a 

 duke, but with only three leaves, and without the 

 cap, out of which (in place of out of a wreath) the 

 crest issues. 



The coronets of continental nobilitv are without 

 caps, and otherwise differ somewhat from those in 

 use in Great Britain. They are only used in 

 blazonry, and are not worn on state occasions. 

 The coronet of a French duke is like that in use 

 in England, that of a marquis has three strawberry 

 or parsley leaves alternating with three pearls, 

 while a count's coronet has nine pearls. German 

 dukes arch their coronets, and German counts often 

 elevate their pearls. The coronet of the Dauphin 

 of France was heightened with fleurs-de-lis, and 

 arched with four or sometimes eight dolphins. 



4 orot. JEAN BAPTISTS CAMILLE, landscape- 

 painter, was born at Paris, 28th July 1796, the son 

 of a hairdresser who became a draper. Educated in 

 the Lycee at Rouen, he became an assistant in a 

 drapery establishment in Paris, and it was not till 

 his twenty-sixth year that he was able to yield to 

 his natural inclinations and begin the systematic 

 study of art. He was instructed by Michallon and 

 Victor Bertin, and in 1825 he settled in Rome, his 

 small view of the Coliseum in the Louvre bearing 

 that date. Here he studied under Aligny, ' V 'Ingres 

 des arbres,' and in 1827 he returned to Paris, and 

 contributed his ' Vue prise a Narni,' and his ' Cam- 

 pagne de Rome ' to the Salon, where he constantly 

 exhibited till the year of his death. His main 

 sketching ground was at Barbizon, in the forest of 

 Fontainebleau ; but he made two other visits to 

 Italy in 1835 and 1843. His earlier productions 

 are careful and precise in execution, and it was not 

 until about 1840 that he asserted his full individu- 

 ality, and developed that style, characterised by 

 great breadth and delicacy, and sacrificing accuracy 

 of detail to unity of impression and harmony of 

 general effect, which marks the works of his 

 maturity. He was not an artist of great variety 

 or of veiy extended range in subject and effect. 

 He was the painter of misty lakes and vaporous 

 rivers, of the quiet of moonlight, of the tender 

 moments of pure sunrise, or of softly coloured 

 evening ; and these he has treated in the spirit of a 

 true poet, introducing very appropriately las figures 

 of peasants, or more frequently of nymphs and 

 classical personages, who take their place most 

 fittingly in scenes like his which tend towards the 

 ideal and the idyllic. His works made their way 

 slowly with the public, but wealth and fame came 

 to him in the end. At the Salon he won medals in 

 1833, 1848, 1855, and 1867. In 1846 he received the 

 Cross of the Legion of Honour, and in 1867 he 

 became an officer of the order. He exercised a 

 most powerful and clearly marked influence upon 

 the younger French artists, with whom his genius, 

 liis t rank Kindliness, and his openhanded generosity 

 rendered him the most popular of men and painters. 

 In 1874, when the medal of honour of the Salon, 

 which they expected to be bestowed on him, was 

 awarded to Gerdme, they subscribed for a medal of 

 their own, which they presented to ' le ptre Corot,' 

 as they were fond of calling him, only three months 

 before* his death, which occurred at Paris, 22d 

 February 1875. Among his masterpieces may be 

 named 'Danse de Nymphes,' 'Macbeth,' ' Homere 

 et les Bergers,' 'Orphee,' 'Souvenir de Monte- 

 fontaine,' 'Joueur de Flute,' ' Un Matin a Ville 



