496 



CORRF.ZE 



CORSAIR 



States by the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific 

 Circle (1878), and since adopted in England e.g. 

 under the Oxford University Extension (1889). 

 See CHAUTAUQUA. 



Correze, a French department, formed out of 

 part of the old province of Limousin, and taking 

 its name from a river, the Correze, flowing 52 miles 

 south-westward to the Vezere. Area, 2265 sq. m. ; 

 pop. (1872) 302,746; (1891) 328,119. The chief 

 rivers of Correze are the Dordogne, the Vezere, 

 and the Correze. The surface of the department 

 is mountainous, especially in the north and east, 

 where it is broken in upon by offsets from the 

 Auvergne Mountains, which, in Mont Odonze, 

 Attain a maximum altitude of 3129 feet above the 

 sea. The lower slopes are clad with forests, but 

 the district is in general sterile. Minerals, particu- 

 larly coal, iron, lead, alabaster, and granite of 

 various colours, are found. The department is 

 divided into the three arrondissements of Tulle, 

 Brive, and Ussel. Tulle is the chief town. 



Corrib, LOUGH, a lake of counties Galway and 

 Mayo, the second largest in Ireland. Lying only 30 

 feet above sea-level, it is of very irregular shape, 

 25 miles long from NW. to SE., and 1 to 6 broad, 

 with an area of 68 sq. m. From its south end, 

 4 miles north of Galway, it discharges its surplus 

 waters by Galway River into Galway Bay. It 

 receives the waters of Lough Mask, at its north 

 end, through the Pigeon Hole and other caves, as 

 well as those of the Clare and other smaller rivers. 

 It contains many islets, and to the west are 

 mountains 3000 feet high, whilst near it are many 

 stone-circles. 



Corrichie, a moor on the borders of Kincar- 

 dine and Aberdeen shires, 15 miles W. of Aberdeen. 

 Here on 28th October 1562 Queen Mary's half- 

 brother, the Earl of Moray, defeated the Catholic 

 Gordon, Earl of Huntly, who himself fell in the 

 battle, while his two sons were taken prisoners. 

 There is a rather poor ballad on the subject, in 

 broad Aberdeenshire dialect, quite at variance with 

 the facts of history, and first printed in Evans's 

 Old Ballads (1111). 



Corrie (Gaelic coire, 'a caldron 'or 'large pot'), 

 a term applied in Scotland and Ireland to semi- 

 circular recesses or cirques in mountains, generally 

 flanked by steep and lofty cliffs. They vary in 

 character according to the nature of the rocks. In 

 some the declivities are rounded and smooth, but 

 generally they are broken and rugged, the bounding 

 cliffs rising to heights of 1000 or even 2000 feet. 

 Similar features are recognised in many mountain- 

 regions all the world over. The origin of corries 

 has been a subject of some controversy by geologists. 

 There can be no doubt, however, that they are due 

 in the first place to denudation to the action of 

 torrents and springs and frosts, aided and directed 

 by the natural division-planes of the rocks. Many 

 of the corries in Scotland and other mountainous 

 countries have been occupied by glaciers the 

 .grinding action of which has tended to modify the 

 form of the ground. Not a few corries are occupied 

 by mountain-tarns. 



Corrientes, a province of the Argentine Re- 

 public, between the Parana and Uruguay rivers, 

 extending from Entre Rios to Misiones territory, 

 with an area of 40,000 sq. m. The surface is gener- 

 ally flat, with numerous lakes and swamps, but has 

 undulating stretches along the Parana and in the 

 east, and is heavily wooded in parts. Lake Ibera, a 

 group of lakes and swamps covering some 1800 

 sq. m. , is surrounded with a jungle, in which the 

 'tacuara' bamboo (30 feet) is conspicuous; and 

 here jaguars and alligators abound. The mean 

 temperature ( 72 F. ) is the highest in the republic, 

 but the extremes (44 98) are not so excessive. 



As in Paraguay, Guarani is the common language, 

 Spanish being employed only by the official and 

 educated classes. Cattle -raising is the chief occu- 

 pation ; agriculture is very backward. Pop. (1895) 

 239,344. The capital, Corrientes, is almost hidden 

 among orange-groves, 15 miles below the conflu- 

 ence of the Parana and the Paraguay, and takes 

 its name from seven currents formed by points 

 of rock above the city ; vessels of 9 feet draught 

 can reach the town at all seasons. Steamers from 

 Buenos Ayres (832 miles) touch here almost daily, 

 and in 1887-95 railway connection was made with 

 the south by way of Monte Caseros. Pop. 18,000. 



Corrievrekin (Gael., 'Brecan's cauldron'), a 

 whirlpool or dangerous passage scarcely a mile 

 broad, off the west coast of Argyllshire, in the 

 strait between Scarba and Jura isles. It is caused 

 by the meeting of tides (running 13 miles an hour) 

 from the north and west, in the narrow passage 

 into the Sound of Jura, round a pyramidal rock, 

 which rises with rapid slope from a depth of 160 

 fathoms to within 15 feet or the surface. 



Corroboree is the Australian name for a 

 gathering of aborigines, generally in large num- 

 bers, at which dances and other exercises are gone 

 through with much excitement. They usually take 

 place on moonlight nights, and may last the whole 

 night through. 



Corrosive Sublimate, the popular name of 

 the highly poisonous bichloride of mercury ( mercuric 

 chloride). See MERCURY. 



Corrugated metal. Iron and other metals 

 in sheets and plates have communicated to them 

 enormously increased rigidity and power to resist 

 buckling and collapse by being corrugated. The 

 process is merely an application to metallic sub- 

 stances of the old contrivance of 'goffering' or 

 ' piping,' by means of which frills are stiffened and 

 kept in shape. The metal to be corrugated is 

 passed between pairs of rollers with ridged surfaces, 

 the ridges of one fitting into the hollows of the other, 

 and the sheets or plates operated on are bent and 

 compressed into the wavy outline of the rolls. 

 Walls and roofs of light and temporaiy buildings 

 are extensively made of corrugated galvanised 

 iron i.e. sheet-iron first corrugated and sub- 

 sequently coated with zinc by dipping the sheets 

 into a bath of the liquid metal. The most import- 

 ant mechanical application of corrugated metal has 

 been for the flues of large steam-boilers. About 

 1878 a system of annular corrugated iron flues was 

 introduced, which increased the resistance of the 

 flue to collapse, and saved fuel because of the 

 greater heating surface presented by the corruga- 

 tions. A spiral corrugated flue gives the greatest 

 amount of strength. 



Corruption of Blood. See ATTAINDER, 

 TREASON. 



Corrupt Practices Act. See BRIBERY. 



Corry, a town of Erie county, Pennsylvania, 

 situated at the junction of several railways, 37 

 miles SE. of Erie. It has machine-shops, saw- 

 mills, and oil-refineries. Pop. (1870) 6809; (1880) 

 5277 ; (1890) 5671. 



Corsair, a pirate or sea-robber, and specially 

 any of those rovers who in former times cruised from 

 the Barbary ports, as Algiers, Tunis, or Tripoli, and 

 became the terror of merchantmen in the Mediter- 

 ranean and the Atlantic Ocean, ravaging the coasts 

 and seizing shipping, as far north as Cornwall, 

 Baltimore in Cork, and even Iceland. Though 

 piracy on a small scale had long prevailed, the 

 immediate cause of the sudden development oi 

 corsair states and fleets at the beginning of the 16th 

 century was the persecution of the Moors in Spain : 

 the exiles looked for vengeance, and their necessities 



