roKY.Mi'.ii KIM: 



COS.MKTK s 



50] 



U has been in. IM- ur less arrested in development, 

 while the lower flower-stalks are lengtlMMd to M 

 tn litin^ their Mowers almost to the level of those <>\ 

 tin- upper. As fuiniliiir examples may be cited 

 ha\\ thorn, candytuft, \c. After flowering, the 

 main axis of a 'corymb often elongates iuto an 

 ordinary raceme, as in many crucifers. 



Corymbi'fera'. See COMPOSITE. 



4'ory|lia*'us (<!r. koruphc, 'the head'), the 

 leader of the chorus in ancient Greece. The name 

 is now iise.l t<> signify those of the highest distinc- 

 tion in any art or science. The French coryphee 

 is generally used of the principal daitseuse in the 

 ballet. 



Coryphene (Coryphcena), a genus of bony 

 fishes, remarkable for tne brilliancy of their colours. 

 They are nearly allied to mackerels, belonging to 

 the same family, Scombrida>. For some not very 

 evident reason they are often popularly called 

 'dolphins.' The body is somewhat elongated, and 

 is laterally compressed ; the scales are very small ; 

 the head of the adults bears a sharp crest. The 

 colours of silver, blue, and yellow have great 

 beauty and metallic brilliancy, whether the fish be 

 darting with extreme rapidity in the sunlit water, 

 or lie dying on the shore. Apart from their 

 marvellous beauty, the coryphenes are well known 

 for their habit of pursuing shoals of flying-fish. 

 Sailors often catch them with a glittering bit of 

 metal for bait. They are frequently seen in the 

 Mediterranean (four species), and also in the 

 Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. The most 

 familiar species is Coryphcena hippurus. 



Coryza* See CATARRH. 



Cos (often called by the Italian name of Stanko), 

 an island of the Archipelago belonging to Turkey, 

 off the coast of Asia Minor. It is 23 miles long 

 and 5 broad, with a population of 20,000, mostly 

 Greeks. Cos consists mostly of fertile and well- 

 tilled plains, partially of hilly country ; and exports 

 lemons, grain, wine, cotton, and silk to an annual 

 amount of about 50,000. Many ancient Greek 

 remains are scattered over the island. The chief 

 town, Cos or Co, is situated on the north-east coast. 

 In early times Cos was famous for its wine, its 

 amphorae, and its fine 'Coan garments.' It was the 

 birthplace of Ptolemy Philadelphia, of the painter 

 Apelles, and the physician Hippocrates. 



CoscillOlliancy, an ancient mode of divination 

 by means of a sieve (Gr. koskinon) and a pair of 

 shears. It appears to have been chiefly employed 

 for the discovery of thieves. The sieve was sup- 

 ported or suspended by means of the shears, 

 in some way not easily understood ; a certain 

 mystical form of words was then used, and the 

 names of the suspected persons being mentioned in 

 succession, at the name of the thief the sieve moved 

 or turned round. 



Cosenza, a town of Italy, capital of the pro- 

 vince of the same name, formerly called Ccdaoria 

 Citeriore. It is situated 12 miles E. of the Mediter- 

 ranean, and 262 SE. of Naples by rail, in a moun- 

 tain-closed valley at the confluence of the Crati and 

 the Busento, and suffers in summer from malaria. 

 It is the seat of an archbishop, and has a cathedral, 

 a fine court-house, and trade in oil, wine, silk, 

 hemp, grain, earthenware, and iron and steel 

 wares. Pop. 16,686. The ancient Consentia, a 

 city of the Bruttii, was captured by the Cartha- 

 ginian general, Himilco, and was forced to sur- 

 render (204 B.C.) to the Romans, who afterwards 

 colonised it. Alaric (q.v.) died here, 410 A.D. 



Coshery, or COSHERING, in Ireland, was the 

 ancient feudal right of a chief to quarter himself 

 and his retainers on his tenantry at his own discre- 

 tion. 



rosin. .lniiN, a famous bishop of Durham, wa* 

 born in lf!)4 at Norwich. Educated there and ut 

 Cain* College, Cambridge, he became fellow of his 

 college and secretary to Bishop Overall of Lich- 

 lieM. next in succession chaplain to Bishop Neill of 

 Durham, prelmndarv of Durham, rector of Klwick, 

 archdeacon of the Kast Hiding, rector of Brance- 

 peih, master of Peterhouse, Cambridge (1634), 

 and dean of Peterl>orough (1640). An inti- 

 mate friend of Laud, he had already come into 

 collision with the Puritans about his ritualistic 

 refonns, and been denounced by Smart, a brother 

 prel>endary of Durham, as ' our young Apollo, who 

 repaireth the Quire, arid sets it out gayly with 

 strange Babylonish ornaments.' In later invectives 

 his antagonist did not spare his pluralism and even 

 his fondness for tobacco. Prynne denounced also 

 his chapel services at Peterhouse. Cosin was soon 

 deprived of his benefices by the House of Commons, 

 whereupon he retired to Paris, and for nineteen years 

 of exile kept up there a Church of England service. 

 At the Restoration he recovered his preferments, 

 and in December 1660 was consecratetl Bishop of 

 Durham, and soon by his splendid energy, enthu- 

 siasm, munificence, and administrative ability, 

 made his a model diocese. His personal dignity 

 and commanding presence were perfectly in keep- 

 ing with his conception of the part of one who was 

 not only a bishop, out a prince-bishop. During his 

 first seven years he spent no less than 34,500 upon 

 his two castles, his cathedral, the library at Dur- 

 ham, and deeds of general benevolence. Imperious 

 in temper, he sternly repressed Puritan and Roman 

 Catholic recusancy alike ; for, however devoted to 

 ancient ritual and order, he hated Popery, and 

 never ceased to regret the perversion of his own 

 ' lost son ' who had ' forsaken his mother, the Church 

 of England.' He differed too from the rest of his 

 party in his Puritan-like support of the strict observ- 

 ance of the Sabbath. During his last years Cosin 

 earned great unpopularity by his opposition to the 

 desire of the people of the Palatinate to be repre- 

 sented in parliament. He died in London, 15th 

 January 16/2. All Cosin's writings are inconsider- 

 able, save his Collection of Private Devotions (\&2,1), 

 which was denounced by Prynne in his Brief Survey 

 and Censure of Mr Cozen's Cozening Devotions. A 

 lasting service to the church was his contribution, 

 invaluable from his profound liturgical learning, to 

 the final revision ( 1661 ) of the Book of Common 

 Prayer. Bishop Cosin's works were collected in 5 

 vols. in the ' Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology ' 

 (1843-55). His Correspondence was edited for the 

 Surtees Society by Canon Ornsby (2 vols. 1868-70). 



Co-sine, Co-tangent, &c. See TRIGONO- 

 METRY. 



Cosmas, surnamed Indicopleustes, a merchant 

 of Alexandria, who lived in the middle of the 6th 

 century, and after having travelled much, returned 

 to Egypt, where in monastic retirement he wrote 

 in Greeic a work of greater interest than value, in 

 twelve books, on Christian Topography, extending 

 to countries as far as India. An annotated transla- 

 tion of the work was edited in 1898 for the Hakluyt 

 Society by Dr M'Crindle. 



Cosmas and Damian. SAINTS, Arabian 

 brothers, who practised as physicians at /Kgjra 

 in Cilicia in the 3rd century A.n., and who wen- 

 cast into the sea as Christians, but, according to 

 the legend, rescued by an angel. Thereafter, burn- 

 ing and stoning having proved ineffectual, they 

 were beheaded in 303. Their relics were translated 

 from Bremen to Munich in 1649, and their names 

 commemorated in the Canon of the Mass. 



Cosmetics ( Gr. kosmeo, ' I adorn ' ) are chemi- 

 cal preparations employed for improving the 

 appearance of the skin and hair. Several of the 



