COURTESY TITLES 



020 



are annually held at SouthjMirt. In Yorkshire 

 the ln>st meetings take place under the North of 

 England Club, several estates l>t'ing lent by the 

 owners for their fixtures; and in addition Scar- 

 Ixn-ough HIK! iitlii-r places annually hold open meet 

 l.incolnshire has a well-managed iixture at 

 Sleal'nrd. In the. Midlands Lichlield is the best 

 supported meeting, the Marquis of Anglesey allow- 

 ing tin- coursing to take place over iiis estate at 

 lle.iudescrt. Newmarket the turf metropolis 

 annually boasts of a large and well-attended meet- 

 ing. Farther south the Cliffe and Hundred of Hoo 

 Club and the Essex Club both hold open fixtures 

 the former over the Cliffe marshes beyond Graves- 

 end, the Essex Club at Southminster. 



The Border Union ranks as the best meeting 

 held in the north, and this iixture, which now 

 takes place in November, is much looked forward 

 to by both northern and southern coursers. Long- 

 town, 9J miles north of Carlisle, is the headquarters. 

 The principal meetings in Scotland are Carmichael 

 and Corrie. In Ireland, Mourne Park may be said 

 to be the chief meeting (though really coming 

 under the head of ' inclosed ' ), many English dogs 

 being sent across the Channel to compete, and the 

 coursing season is always opened tnere. Other 

 fixtures are held by the Northern Club and the 

 Leinster and Limerick clubs. 



The first ground over which ' inclosed ' coursing 

 took place in 1876 was at Plumpton in Sussex. 

 Here originally there were three fields, with planta- 

 tions for letting the hares out from and escape 

 coverts made at the farther end ; but the smallest 

 of these inclosures was soon done away with, and 

 the sport took place over the Station Meld, which 

 was 800 yards long by 300 yards wide, and the Hill 

 Field, 700 yards by 300 yards. Since 1886, how- 

 ever, the Station Field only has been used ; and 

 this is on an incline from one end to the other, 

 affording good trials, and fairly well testing both 

 the speed and stamina of the greyhounds. In 

 connection with High Gosforth Park an inclosure 

 was made 5 miles from Newcastle-on-Tyne. The 

 coursing-ground is slightly down hill from the 

 slipping station for about 150 yards, and from that 



Bunt a very easy rise to the escape covert. At 

 aydock Park, near Newton Bridge station, on 

 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, are two 

 fields quite distinct, which are used on alternate 

 days, so that the same hares are not coursed two 

 days in succession. 



Kempton Park, the nearest inclosed ground to 

 London, is situated in the Vale of Sunbury, 

 16 J miles from the metropolis. Two meetings a 

 season are held here, and the champion meeting 

 which annually takes place in January holds the 

 highest rank in this style of coursing. All the 

 fastest dogs in the United Kingdom are brought 

 together, for, as a rule, it is to the dog with the 

 most speed that the chief prizes in the inclosures 

 fall, the working qualities of the greyhound not 

 being sufficiently brought into play. 



At Wye, near Ashford in Kent, an inclosure has 

 been established, and meeting after meeting takes 

 place here throughout the season, with at times 

 a very small interval between them. Here the 

 ground is on the incline nearly all the way, and 

 this, as a rule, gives the flower greyhounds a 

 better chance of gaining the judge's verdict, as, 

 though generally Ted, they when once in possession 

 go the better with their game. The average num- 

 ber of points made in a course here are certainly 

 greater than at the other inclosures. The inclosure 

 at Four Oaks Park, about a mile from Sutton 

 Coldfield, is another that is almost all on the 

 incline, but the meetings here are now few and 

 far between. The coursing arena is 700 yards in 

 length, and 400 yards in width. 



Court, PKKSKNTATION AT. Formal presenta- 

 tion to thf sovereign of person* whose status 

 entitles them to that honour, taken place either 

 at St James's Palace, at a levee, intended for 

 gentlemen only, or at Buckingham Palace, a draw- 

 iir.' room, where both ladies and gentlemen appear. 

 The days when levees and drawing-rooms are to be 

 held are always announced some time beforehand. 

 It is difficult in the present day to define exactly 

 who may and who may not be entitled to be pre- 

 sented. Members of families of the nobility and 

 landed gentry, diplomats, members of the House 

 of Commons, persons holding high offices under 

 the crown, judges, magistrates, church dignitaries, 

 officers in the army and navy, persons who have 

 attained distinction by eminence of any kind, and 

 the wives and daughters of the same classes, form 

 the larger number of those presented at levees and 

 drawing-rooms. Persons are often presented on 

 entering on some office, or attaining some dignity. 

 Any one who has been once presented is entitled to 

 appear at any future levee or drawing-room without 

 a new presentation. The whole arrangements con- 

 nected with presentations are under the super- 

 vision of the lord chamberlain, in whose office in 

 St James's Palace information is given to all 

 persons wishing to be presented. The names of 

 ladies and gentlemen desiring presentation, and 

 of the ladies, noblemen, and gentlemen who are 

 to present them, have to be submitted to the 

 sovereign for approval, and there is a strict exclu- 

 sion of persons of damaged reputation, whatever 

 their rank. Court dress or official uniform must 

 be worn. A British subject who has been presented 

 at St James's may on any after occasion claim to 

 be presented by the British minister at any foreign 

 court. As to court dress both of ladies and gentle- 

 men, court etiquette, court mourning, &c., reference 

 may be made to Old Court Customs atid Modern 

 Court Rule, by the Hon. Mrs Armytage ( 1883). 



4 oil Hall II III (Kuttdlam), a town of the dis- 

 trict of Tinnevelli, Madras, stands amongst the 

 Ghats near the southern end of the peninsula ; and 

 though only 450 feet above sea-level, serves as the 

 sanatorium of the district, deservedly enjoying a 

 reputation for salubrity of air, richness or vegeta- 

 tion, and beauty of scenery. Pop. about 1500. 



Courtesy, or CURTESY, in Law, is the life 

 interest which the surviving husband has in the 

 real or heritable estate of the wife. Both in 

 England and in Scotland this customary right 

 has been regarded as a national peculiarity. 

 Littleton speaks of it as tenure ' by the curtesie 

 of England, because this is used in no other realme 

 but in England onely.' In Scotland it is called the 

 courtesy or curiality of Scotland. It was probably 

 introduced into both countries from Normandy. 

 The four circumstances which are requisite to 

 make a tenancy by courtesy in England are 

 marriage, seizin of the wife, living issue, and the 

 wife's death. The rule that the child must have 

 been heard to cry, which at one time was followed 

 in England, is still adhered to in Scotland. It is 

 not necessary, however, in either country, that the 

 child survive ; it is enough that it was once in 

 existence, although it should have died imme- 

 diately after its uirth. In both countries, the 

 child must be the mother's heir, and it is con- 

 sequently said that courtesy is due to the surviving 

 husband' rather as the father of an heir than as the 

 widower of an heiress. 



Courtesy Titles are titles allowed to certain 

 near relations of peers by understood ucage and 

 the courtesy of society, but to which the users 

 have no legal right The subject of courtesy 

 titles, though tolerably familiar in its general out- 

 line to persons resident in Britain, is complicated 



