660 



DALIAS 



DALMATIC 



mutiny which broke out ere his death ; but though, 

 in Justin McCarthy's words, ' he was a man of com- 

 manding energy and indomitable courage, with the 

 intellect of a ruler of men and the spirit of a con- 

 queror,' he was also of a most sensitive conscience, 

 and entered on the Sikh and Burmese wars and 

 embarked on a policy of annexation against his will. 

 See the articles INDIA, OUDH, PEGU, PUNJAB, 

 SIKHS ; the Duke of Argyll's India under Dalfyousie 

 and Canning ( 1865 ) ; and Captain Lionel Trotter's 

 Dalhousie in the ' Statesmen ' series (1889). 



Dallas, a town in the Spanish province of 

 Almeria, at the foot of the Sierra de Gador, with 

 a pop. of about 9500, who are employed chiefly 

 in mining and smelting. 



Dalkeith, a town of Midlothian, 6 miles SE. 

 of Edinburgh, on a tongue of land between the 

 North and South Esks. There is a large corn 

 exchange (1855) ; of nearly a dozen places of wor- 

 ship the only old one is the parish church, collegiate 

 once, of which Norman Macleod was for three 

 years minister. The chief glory of the place is 

 Dalkeith Palace, a seat of the Duke of Buccleuch 

 (see SCOTT). Standing near the end of the High 

 Street, in a beautiful park of 1035 acres, it is a 

 Grecian edifice, built in 1700 by Sir John Vanbrugh 

 for Monmouth's widowed duchess. The castle, its 

 predecessor, was the seat first of the Grahams, 

 and then of the Douglases from the 14th century 

 till 1642, when the ninth Earl of Morton sold it to 

 the second Earl of Buccleuch. Dalkeith thus has 

 memories of the Regent Morton ( the ' Lion's Den ' 

 the castle was called in his day ), of General Monk 

 (1654-59), and of visits from James IV., James 

 VI., Charles I., Prince Charles Edward, George 

 IV., and Queen Victoria. It is the scene, too, of 

 Moir's Mamie Wauch. Pop. ( 1841 ) 4831 ; ( 1881 ) 

 6931; (1891)6952. 



Dallas, capital of Dallas county, Texas, on 

 Trinity River, 265 miles NNW. of Houston by rail. 

 It is a flourishing place, with colleges for boys 

 and girls, a medical institute, a number of flour- 

 mills and grain-elevators, several foundries, and 

 manufactures of woollens, soap, &c. Pop. (1880) 

 10,358 ; (1890) 38,067. 



Dallas, GEORGE MIFFLIN, an American diplo- 

 matist and statesman, was born in Philadelphia, 

 July 10, 1792. His father, A. J. Dallas (1759- 

 1817), was a distinguished lawyer of West Indian 

 birth and Scottish descent, who filled with credit 

 the positions of secretary of the treasury and 

 acting-secretary of war under President Madison. 

 The younger Dallas graduated at Princeton Col- 

 lege in 1810. In 1813 he was admitted to the bar, 

 and soon after entered the diplomatic service. In 

 1831 he was sent to the United States senate by 

 the Pennsylvania legislature. He was United 

 States minister to Russia from 1837 to 1839, and 

 in 1844 was elected vice-president of the United 

 States. In 1846 his casting-vote as president of 

 the senate repealed the protective tariff of 1842, 

 though he had previously been considered a Pro- 

 tectionist. His course on this question aroused 

 much indignation in Pennsylvania. He was sent 

 to Great Britain as United' States minister at St 

 James's from 1856 to 1861. He died at Philadelphia, 

 December 31, 1864. His principal published writ- 

 ings were posthumous ; they include a very read- 

 able and entertaining Series of Letters from ^London 

 ( 1869), and a Life of A. J. Dallas ( 1871 ). His life 

 was marked by assiduous devotion to official duties, 

 which left him little leisure to look after his own 

 private interests, and he lived and died a poor 

 man. 



Dalles. See COLUMBIA RIVER. 

 Dulling, LORD. See BULWER. 



Dalmatia, a narrow strip of Austrian territory 

 extending along the Adriatic Sea, and bounded on 

 the N. by Croatia, on the E. by Bosnia, Herze- 

 govina, and Montenegro. Area, 4940 sq. m. ; 

 pop. (1890) 527,426. The coast of Dalmatia and 

 numerous adjacent islands is everywhere steep 

 and rocky, and the chief towns, all of which are 

 on the coast, are Zara, Sebenico, Lissa, Spalato, 

 Brazza, Ragusa, and Cattaro. The country is moun- 

 tainous, chiefly dry moorland, with numerous small 

 lakes and rivers, most of which dry up in summer. 

 The highest mountain is Orjen, near Cattaro, 6235 

 feet. The climate is uncertain ; mean temperature 

 about 60; rainfall about 28 in. The Bora(q.v.) 

 wind is much dreaded. About one-ninth of the 

 land is arable, and produces wheat, barley, oats, 

 maize, rye, and potatoes. Wine and olives are also 

 produced. Nearly half of the land is in pasture, 

 and wood occupies about a third. The islands 

 are not very fertile, but supply good timber for 

 shipbuilding. Cattle-rearing, seafaring, and the 

 fisheries are the chief industries. The annual 

 value of the exports and imports is 1,500,000. 

 The exports consist principally of wine, oil, 

 brandy, hides, wool, wax, honey, and fruits. Of 

 the whole population, it is computed that about 

 55,000 are Italians, 1000 Albanians, 1000 Germans, 

 500 Jews, and the remainder consists of Southern 

 Slavonians chiefly Dalmatians and Morlaks. The 

 Dalmatians are a fine race of men, bold and brave 

 as seamen and soldiers, and formerly were the 

 main support of the military power of Venice. 



In ancient times Dalmatia was a considerable 

 kingdom, and, after many unsuccessful attempts, 

 was first subjugated by the Romans in the time 

 of Augustus. On the fall of the Western Empire, 

 Dalmatia, which had formed the most southern 

 part of the province Illyricum, was captured by 

 the Goths, from whom it was taken by the Avari 

 (490), who in their turn yielded it to the Slavo- 

 nians about 620. The state founded by the Slavo- 

 nians continued until the beginning of the llth 

 century, when King Ladislaus of Hungary incor- 

 porated a part of Dalmatia with Croatia, while the 

 other part, with the title of duchy, placed itself 

 under the protection of the Venetian republic. 

 The Turks afterwards made themselves masters of 

 a small portion ; and by the peace of Campo-Formio 

 ( 1797), the Venetian part of Dalmatia, with Venice 

 itself, became subject to Austrian rule. When 

 Austria, in 1805, had ceded this part of Dalmatia 

 to Napoleon, it was annexed to the kingdom of 

 Italy; afterwards (1810) to Illyria. Since 1814 

 Dalmatia forms part of Austria ; the commune of 

 Spizza being added by the Congress of Berlin in 

 1878. 



See Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro 

 (1848); Paton, Highlands and Islands of the Adriatic 

 (1849); Wingfield, Tour in Dalmatia (1859); Yriarte, 

 Les Bords de VAdriatique (1878); Freeman, Sketches from 

 the Subject and Neighbouring Lands of Venice (1881); 

 Henri Cons, La Province Romaine de Dalmatic (1882); 

 and Jackson, Dalmatia, the Quarnaro, and I stria (1887). 



Dalmatian Dog, or CARRIAGE-DOG, a variety 

 of dog closely resembling in size and shape the 

 modern pointer. It is often kept in stables, be- 

 comes attached to the horses, and may be seen 

 running after carriages. Its colour should be 

 white with black spots not more than an inch in 

 diameter regularly distributed over its body, in- 

 cluding its ears and tail. Its origin is uncertain ; 

 the name Dalmatian is probably altogether mis- 

 leading ; and it is supposed that it may have been 

 brought from India, where a very similar kind of 

 dog exists. 



Dalmatic (Dalmatica), the deacon's robe in 

 the Roman Catholic Church. The most ancient 

 form of the dalmatic is exhibited in the annexed 



