l)AOri>N T A(JAK 



D'ARBLAY 



677 



and ITtli eenturies ; ami there are good Riilmrlm 

 t<> tin- \\.-:. with \vii|<> thorouglifarea. Aiuang 

 the iimM noteworthy buildings are the large 

 Himvh of St Mary '( 1343-1502), with a noble 

 'Last Judgment,' iiuiiiteil probably by Memling, 

 uinl a linelv carved altar of wood ; the churcli 

 of si Catharine ( I.TJii :)) ; the fine old (Jothie 

 town hall ; the old exchange; and the Fran- 

 n-.'.-in monastery, now used as a museum and 

 S.-|IMII|. l>;m/ij was at one time a prominent 

 meinlter of the Hanaeatio League, and is still one 

 of theehief eommeivial cities of northern Europe. 

 Of the sea want trade in 1884, nearly 2,850,000 

 represented the imports (chiefly herrings, cotton, 

 iron, drugs, coal, coffee, nnd hides), and 3,162,000 

 the exports (sugar, wheat, timber, spirits, &c. ). 

 The river and railway trade is also important. 

 The manufactures include beer, spirits ( Danzig 

 (iii/'/ivasser), sugar, tobacco, Hour, iron-wares, 

 machinery, amler, gold and silver ornaments ; and 

 there are also an imperial dockyard employing 1580 

 men, and an artillery arsenal with over 800 work- 

 men. The town has a library of 100,000 volumes, 

 and is well supplied with hospitals, asylums, schools, 

 museums, 4 S.<-. I 'op. ( 1880) 108,551 ; ( 1885) 114,805; 

 (1890) 120,338 two-thirds Protestants. 

 Daoudnagar. See DAUDXAGAR. 

 Daphne, a nymph who, chased by Apollo, 

 changed herself into a laurel. The myth is a. point 

 (fappui of the solar mythologists. Daphne was 

 the name of a famous grove of cypresses and laurels 

 near Antioch, with a temple of Apollo. 



Daphne, a genus of Thymeleacea?, all shrubs 

 or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, acrid and 

 with poisonous berries, but often with deliciously 

 fragrant flowers. The deciduous Mexereon (D. 

 Alezeretnn), well known Itoth for the fragrance of 

 its pink winter flowers and for its medicinal uses, 

 is naturalised in some places of England. The 

 only species certainly a native of England is the 

 Spurge Laurel (D. Laureola), an evergreen shrub, 

 3 to 4 feet high, with large, leathery, tufted leaves, 

 and greenish-yellow axil- 

 lary flowers. It grows well 

 under the shade of trees, 

 and flowers in February, 

 while the nearly allied D. 

 pontica, introduced from 

 AsiaMinor, flowers a month 

 later. Upon the three 

 species are grafted the 

 rarer or less hardy species. 

 Easily recognised by its 

 trailing and branching 

 habit, with persistent 

 smooth, linear, obtuse, 

 mucronate ( box-tipped ) 

 leaves, and its fragrant 

 profusion of terminal 

 flowers in early spring, D. Cneorum is the best of 

 all sper ie.s for small gardens ; while l>. alpina, with 

 its varieties Dauphin and Verloti, is a pretty de- 

 ciduous form for rock-work. D. japonica, from 

 Japan, has lemon-scented leaves. From the bast 

 of some species of Daphne, and nearly allied 

 genera, useful libre is obtained, and paper is made 

 in different parts of the East, particularly Nepal 

 paper from that of D. cannabina. In Tibet &dg- 

 worthia Gardneri is employed in the same way. 

 Daphnia. See WATER- FLEA. 

 Dapsang. See ASIA, Vol. I. p. 485. 

 Daraludicrd, or DARAB, a town of Persia, in 

 the province of Farsistan, 1 15 miles SE. of Shiraz. 

 Pop. 4000. 



Daraganj, a suburb of Allahabad, from which 

 it is 2 miles distant, on the right bank of the 

 Ganges. Pop. 13,159. 



Daphne Cneonun. 



Darhhailtfah, the chief town of Darhhangah 

 district, in Beoar provinoe, on the Litth: Baghmati 

 Hiver, 7H miles NE. of 1'atna by rail. It ha* large 

 bazaars and a handsome market -jihu-e, <-\ tensive 

 tank*, ;i hospital, and the maharajah's palace, with 

 tine gardens, menagerie, and aviary. There in an 

 active trade in oil-seeds, food -grains, timber, salt, 

 iron, lime, \c. Pop. (1891) 73,561. The district 

 has an area of 3665 so. m., forming one large 

 alluvial plain, intersected by a network of streams, 

 and covered with wide rice-fields, haml>oo, and 

 mango-groves. The rivers flood extensive areas, and 

 fever is endemic. Rice, indigo, linseed, mustard, 

 and tobacco are the chief crops ; the manufactures 

 include indigo, sugar, saltpetre, pottery, cloth, and 

 tobacco. Pop. (1872) 2, 139,298 ; ( 189l') 2,801,955. 



D'Arblay. MADAME, letter known as a novelist 

 by her maiden name of Frances Burney, was Iwni at 

 King's Lynn, 13th June 1752, the second daughter 

 and the third child of the six children of Dr Burney, 

 then organist there. Her father removed to London 

 to teach music in 1760, and on his wife's death next 

 year sent his daughters Esther and Susannah to a 

 school in Paris, but kept Fanny at home from a fear 

 that her great affection for her maternal grand- 

 mother, then in France, should make her a convert 

 to Catholicism. Dr Burney 's second marriage in 

 1766 gave her a kind step- mother, but did not disturb 

 her daydreams nor her incessant scribbling of 

 stories, plays, and poems, begun at ten, although 

 but two years before she was ignorant of her letters. 

 On her fifteenth birthday, in a fit of repentance for 

 such waste of time, she burned all her papers, but 

 she could not erase from her brain the plot of the 

 story which grew later into Evelina, or a Young 

 Lady's Entrance into the World. This was sold 

 for 20 to Lownes, and published anonymously in 

 January 1778, not even her father having seen the 

 manuscript, although he had been dutifully told 

 beforehand of the project. Dr Burney at once 

 recognised his daughter's touch, and soon confided 

 the secret to Mrs Thrale, who, as well as Dr 

 Johnson, petted and flattered the gifted young 

 authoress to her heart's delight. The praises 

 showered upon the l>ook by Johnson, Reynolds, 

 Burke, and the whole world of fashion, miglit well 

 have turned her head, and are told in delightful 

 detail in her diary. Urged to write a comedy, 

 she had the sense to suppress it in deference to 

 the criticisms of her father and Samuel Crisp, a 

 sagacious old critic, soured to the world but not 

 to her, the ' daddy ' of so many of her letters. 

 In 1782 she published Cecilia, which was no less 

 successful than her first novel. At Windsor, 

 in the house of her friend the venerable Mrs 

 Delany, she became known to the royal family, 

 and soon received (Jolv 1786) the appointment of 

 second keeper of the roues at court, with a salary 

 of 200 a year. She soon found her menial duties 

 intolerably tedious, and her health began to decline, 

 but her veneration for the queen kept her from 

 resigning until compiled by the remonstrances of 

 Burke, Boswell, Windham, and others of her father's 

 friends. At length in July 1791 she was permitted 

 to retire with a pension of 100 a year, and soon 

 recovered her health and spirits by travelling in 

 England. At Mickleham, near Dorking, she met 

 (leneral D'Arblay. a French refugee, and married 

 him on nothing more than her pension in July 

 1793. Her third novel, ('niniffn, was published by 

 subscription in 1796, and brought her, it is sup- 

 posed, about 3000 guineas, with which she built 

 Camilla Cottage, near Mickleham. It was, how- 

 ever, nothing more than a pecuniary success, while 

 her tragedy, Edu*y and Eivtna, had already been 

 damned in 1795, spite of the acting of Mrs. 

 Siddons and Kemble. From 1802 to 1812 she 

 lived at Passy in France with her husband, who 



