DELAGOA BAY 



DEL ANY 



' Liberty directing tlie People on the Barricades.' 

 In I *:>_' In- made a voyage to Morocco, where he 

 t'ai ni limited himself \\ith novel effect* of light and 

 cost nun's. From tliis period, Delacroix coiiiiiiucil 

 to si-mi fortli jiictiin- alter picture, besides decorat- 

 ing in.-iiiy pulilic buildings and churches. He also 

 executed a number of lithographs, including a scries 

 illustrating Hamlet, and one dealing with l-'au-t. 

 of which (ioethe wrote that he found 'in the-c 

 images all the impressions of his youth.' In 1857 

 In- w.us chosen bv the Institute to till the place of 

 IMaroche. He died August 13, 1863. The most 

 sinking quality of Delacroix's art is its invention, 

 its impetuous imaginative force and vitality. He 

 iiimeil at a powerful and dramatic expression of 

 passion and emotion, and in the pur-uit of t hi- aim 

 u sense of beauty was frequently lost. He was an 

 admirable colourist, and his admirers have ranked 

 him with Veronese and Kubens. His drawing, 

 sometimes incorrect, is always spirited and full of 

 vigour. See Lives by Moreau ( 1873 ), Burty ( 1880), 

 and Chesneau ( 1885) ; and his Journal ( 1898 ). 



DclagOtl Bay, a Portuguese possession, is a 

 lar.^e inlet of the Indian Ocean on the south-east 

 coast of Africa. Discovered by one of Vasco 

 da Gama's lieutenants in 1502, it was called . 

 Bahia da Lagoa, from a rumoured great lake 

 in the interior. Negotiations for the sale or 

 cession of it to Britain have always been rejected 

 by the Portuguese. In 1868 the Transvaal claimed 

 by proclamation the Maputo. River, from its junc- 

 tion with the Pongola to its embouchure into 

 the southern part of Delagoa Bay. England and 

 Portugal resisted the claim and set up counter pre- 

 tensions. The matter was referred to the arbitra- 

 tion of Marshal MacMahon, who in 1875 declared 

 the southern portion of Delagoa Bay, including 

 the Maputa River up to the Lobombo Mountains, 

 to belong to Portugal. The bay stretches for 70 

 miles between 26 20' and 25 30' S. lat. It is 25 

 miles wide, and for size and accommodation is the 

 finest natural harbour in South Africa ; in spite of 

 islands and shoals its navigation is safe and easy, 

 and the anchorage is commodious and well shel- 

 tered. The settlement of Lourenco Marques and 

 surrounding country have been notoriously un- 

 healthy ; but of late years some drainage and other 

 improvements have been carried out. The rivers 

 Maputa, Tembe, and Umbelosi (joining to form the 

 Knglish River), and the Komati, fall into Delagoa 

 Bay. The proximity of Delagoa Bay to the Trans- 

 vaal goldfields greatly increased its commercial 

 and political importance. For over half a century 

 there were intermittent attempts to establish com- 

 munication between the Transvaal and Delagoa 

 Bay. All failed till 1887, when a company was 

 formed in London to work a concession from the 

 Portuguese government for ninety years, for the 

 construction of a railway from Delagoa Bay to the 

 Transvaal (52 miles); but in 1889 through in- 

 trigues by the Transvaal the Portuguese govern- 

 ment expropriated the company (largely English- 

 men and Americans). An internatibnal arbitration 

 was soon thereafter arranged, which did not report 

 till 1900, when Portugal was adjudicated to pay 

 641,000, to the grievous disappointment of the 

 concessionaires, who had demanded over 1,500,000. 

 The lines connecting with Pretoria (350 mijes by 

 rail from the coast) and with Johannesburg, \-c.. 

 were completed in 1890-95, and both l>efore and 

 during the war of 1899-1900 proved invaluable to 

 the Transvaal 



See LOCRENCO MARQUES, and works by Monteiro 

 ( 1891 ) and Montague ( 1899 ). 



Delaillbre, JEAN JOSEPH, astronomer, born at 

 Amiens, 29th September 1749, taught, and studied 

 physicsand astronomy under Lalande. The discovery 

 151 



"i I minis by Herschel in 17*1 gave him tin- firvt 

 opportunity of attract in- tin- att'-nlioii of the 

 learned world in general b\ pi .-pai ing table* of the 

 motion of the new planet. Soon ait. i, he < om 

 the construction of new Molar table*, and 



tables of the motions of Jupiter and Saturn. Along 



b\ the I 



government, in 1792, to 'measure the arc of the 



with Mcchain, he was ap|>oiiit<d bv th> 



meridian between Dunkirk and Barcelona, which 

 was completed in 1799 (see MfcTKK, Alt\ 

 He was elected member of the Academy, and in 

 1803 perpetual secretary of the mathematical MC- 

 tion of the Institute. The result of hi measure- 

 ments appeared in his great work, Jhuc tin System* 

 Metrique Decimal (1806-10). In IH07 he obtained 

 the chair of Astronomy at the College de France, 

 rendered vacant by the death of Lalande. hi* master 

 and friend. In 1814 he was appointed a nn-mlH-r 

 of the Council of Public Instruction. He died at 

 Paris, 19th August 1822. Delambre received a 

 multitude of honours during his lifetime. He was 

 a mem lier of most of the learned bodies in Europe, 

 and an officer of the Legion of Honour. His writ- 

 ings are very numerous. The principal are Trmte 

 d" Astronomic (1814), Histoire de f Astronomic 

 Ancienne _, (1817), Histoire de VAttranomie du 

 Moyen Age (1819), Histoire de I' Astronomic 

 Mod erne ( 1821 ), and Histoire de V Astronomie au Dix- 

 hmtieme Xiirlf. (1827). Besides these, Delanibre 

 wrote several excellent Memoires. 



Delane, JOHN THADEUS, editor of the Time* 

 newspaper, was the second son of a barrister, and 

 was born in London, llth October 1817. He 

 received the earlier part of his education in private 

 schools, and at King's College, London, and finally 

 went to Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he took his 

 degree in 1839. At the university, he was more 

 famous for horsemanship than reading, and though 

 bright and active-minded, he never professed to Le 

 a scholar. After leaving Oxford he studied life in 

 many forms, walked the Hospitals, was called to the 

 bar, and reported in the House of Commons and on 

 circuit. Mr Walter had early marked Delane's 

 capable character, and soon placed him on the Tune* 

 staff; and in May 1841, not yet twenty-four, he 

 became its editor. For thirty -six years Delane held 

 this post, aided, however, for the greater part of 

 this period by his brother-in-law and college friend, 

 < i. urge Dasent (q.v.). Under his editorship, the 

 Times attained a prodigious circulation, and an 

 inlluence unparalleled in the history of journalism. 

 He wrote no articles, but he contributed excellent 

 reports and letters. He merged his |>ersonality 

 in his paper, and the history of his later life is the 

 history of the extraordinary influence wielded by 

 the leading journal. His exjMtsure of the railway 

 mania, his vehement attacks upon the manage- 

 ment of the Crimean war, and his strong OppMittM 

 to Kngland'u assisting Denmark in 1864, are among 

 his l.est -remembered acts. He was singularly 

 shrewd in weighing public opinion, possessed re- 

 markable foresight, and seldom made a mistake. 

 Having resigned the editorship in IsTT, lie died 

 t\\o years later, '.'Jd NovemlxT 1S7!. His successor 

 was Thomas Chenery. A Life of Delane by Sir (J. 

 I i.i -nt was announced, but abandoned in deference 

 to Mi Walter. 



Detail}. MKS (Mary (IranvilhO, was born at 

 Collision. 'Wiltshire, 14th Mav 1T(H). The ni- 

 Lord Lansdowne. she married first, in 171S, 'fat, 

 smith, sulky' Alexander Pendarves (1659-17 

 and secondly, in 174.S. the llev. Patrick 1 trinity 

 (1685-1768),* an Irish divine. Swift's friend, and the 

 author of a do/en volumes. After his death she 

 lived chiefly in London, till her own death at 

 Windsor on 15th April 17SX. Her much-admired 

 'paper mosaics,' or flower- work, have long since 



