738 



DE LA RAME" 



DELAWARE 



faded ; but she is remembered through her patron- 

 age of Miss Burney, and by her Autobiography and 

 Correspondence. (6 vols. 1861-62), with its gossip of 

 the court and the literary society of her day. 



De la ltaiiu'% LOUISE. See OUIDA. 



Delaroclie, HIPPOLYTE, known as P.AUL, 

 painter, the head of the modern Eclectic school of 

 art in France, was born at Paris, 16th July 1797. 

 He studied under Baron Gros, and between 1819 

 and 1823 acquired some note by painting scriptural 

 subjects, but first excited public admiration in 

 1824, by his ' St Vincent de Paul preaching in the 

 Presence of Louis XIII.,' and 'Joan of Arc before 

 Cardinal Beaufort.' These exhibit the earliest 

 indications of that style for which he afterwards 

 became famous a style which endeavoured to unite 

 the picturesqueness of the romantic with the dignity 

 of the classic school of art. In 1826 Delaroche pro- 

 duced his ' Death of President Durante ; ' and in 

 1827 his 'Death of Queen Elizabeth.' These 

 pictures greatly increased his reputation, but the 

 last is reckoned a failure by English critics. In 

 1831 he produced the ' Princes in the Tower,' a work 

 of high merit; in 1833, 'Cromwell contemplating 

 the Corpse of Charles I.,' which is generally 

 regarded as one of the first historical paintings of 

 modern times. In 1834 appeared his ' Execution of 

 Lady Jane Grey;' and in 1837 his 'Charles I. 

 insulted by the Parliamentary Soldiers,' and his 

 ' Stratford receiving Laud's Blessing on the Way to 

 Execution.' From this period until 1841 he was 

 engaged on what is probably his grandest work 

 the series of paintings on the wall of the semicir- 

 cular saloon of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, in the 

 execution of which he was aided by Armitage 

 and other of his pupils. This composition, in which 

 the style is simple, lofty, and chaste, contains 74 

 figures, comprising the greatest sculptors, painters, 

 and architects in all history, according to Dela- 

 roche's judgment. It was excellently engraved 

 by Henriquel Dupont, from a reduced copy made 

 by the painter himself. Among his later works 

 may be mentioned, ' Bonaparte at St Bernard ' 

 ( 1850) ; ' Marie Antoinette before the Revolutionary 

 Tribunal ' ( 1851 ) ; ' The Finding of Moses ' ( 1852) ; 

 ' Calvary' ( 1853) ; ' Christ in Gethsemane ' ( 1854) ; 

 ' The Girondins in the Concierge ' ( 1856) ; and, one 

 of his best-known works, 'The Floating Martyr.' 

 He also executed some striking portraits, including 

 those of M. Guizot ( 1838 ), and M. Thiers ( 1856 ). He 

 died November 4, 1856. The characteristic excel- 

 lences of Delaroche are picturesqueness of con- 

 ception, precision of handling, and accuracy of draw- 

 ing. He has been accused, however, of want of 

 fire, imagination, and depth, and it must be 

 admitted that he very rarely, if ever, exhibits the 

 highest qualities of creative genius. Delaroche 

 was made a member of the Institute in 1832, and 

 professor of Painting in the Ecole des Beaux Arts 

 in 1833. See Rees, Vernet and Delaroche ( 1880). 



De la Rlie, WARREN, an eminent electrician, 

 was born in the island of Guernsey, January 18, 

 1815. He was educated at Paris, and early entered 

 his father's business the manufacture of paper- 

 wares for which his inventive ability and scien- 

 tific knowledge enabled him to devise many new 

 machines and processes. He took an active part 

 in the Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862 ; was a member 

 of the International Electrical Congress at Paris in 

 1861 ; and was president of the Royal Astronomi- 

 cal Society, and of the Chemical Society, and the 

 London Institution. In 1878 he succeeded Spottis- 

 woode as secretary of the Royal Institution, and in 

 1880 was elected a corresponding member of the 

 French Academic des Sciences in the department of 

 astronomy. His scientific work, done at his observ- 

 atory at Cranford and at his private physical labor- 



atory, was of the highest value in the departments 

 of astronomical photography and electricity, and its 

 results were communicated from time to time to the 

 Royal Society and the French Academic des Sci- 

 ences. Died in London, April 19, 1889. 



Delaunay, Louis ARSENE, a French actor, was 

 born 21st March 1826, at Paris, and made his debut 

 in October 1846 at the Odeon. In the year 1848 he 

 first trod the classic boards of the Theatre Francais 

 in the rdle of Durante, and here he soon procured 

 an engagement and became secretary to the theatre 

 in 1850. Till he retired (1887), he was one of the 

 most accomplished actors on the French stage. He 

 has found some of his greatest parts in the plays 

 of Hugo, Pailleron, De Musset, and Augiers. 



Delayigne, JEAN FRANCOIS CASIMIR, drama- 

 tist, satirist, and lyrist, was 'born at Le Havre on 

 April 4, 1793. He became one of the most popular 

 writers in France, after the publication in 1818 of 

 his Messeniennes, satires directed against the mon- 

 archy of the Restoration. He then turned hia 

 attention to dramatic authorship and produced Les 

 Vepres Siciliens (1819), a tragic piece, which was 

 .followed by the comedies, L' Ecole des Vieillards 

 and Les Comediens (1821). He was made an 

 academician in 1825. As a lyrist and satirist, 

 he espoused the cause of the patriots in Italy, 

 Greece, and Poland, and of the democratic party 

 in France, but although he appears to have been 

 a sincere politician, lie failed to give natural 

 and original expression to his convictions. His 

 tragedy of Louis XI., which was partly founded on 

 Quentin Durward, and an adaptation of which is 

 familiar to English playgoers, was brought out in 

 1833. Among his other dramas were Le Paria, 

 Marino Faliero, Les Enfants d'Edouard, Don Juan 

 d'A utriche ( 1 835 ) , and La Fille du Cid ( 1 839 ). He 

 died on December 11, 1843. He had no true poetic 

 faculty ; neither was he a skilful dramatist, though 

 his plays, when first prod viced, gained considerable 

 popularity. In his clay he was supported by the 

 opponents of the Romantic school, but his medi- 

 ocrity has come to be recognised by critics of all 

 parties. 



Delaware, one of the original states of the 

 American Union, occupying part of the peninsula 

 between the lower readies of the 

 Susqnehanna and Chesapeake 

 Bay on the west, and the Dela- 

 ware River and Bay and Atlantic Ocean on the east. 

 The state is bounded on the N. by Pennsylvania 

 (the boundary there being an arc of a circle), on 

 the E. by the Delaware River and Bay and the 

 Atlantic Ocean, and on the S. and W. by Mary- 

 land. With an area of 2050 sq. m., or little more 

 than that of Northumberland, it is the smallest 

 of all the states and territories, except Rhode 

 Island ; in 1890 it was the forty-second in popu- 

 lation. Save in a small hilly section in the north, 

 nearly all the surface is low and level, and in the 

 extreme south there is much swampy land ; while 

 the most southern two-fifths of the area is in great 

 part a sandy region. The hill-district in the north 

 presents a stony surface overlying azoic rocks, such 

 as gneiss and granite, with patches of serpentine 

 and limestone. A strip of highly fertile red clay 

 lies south of the hill-country ; and next southward 

 occurs a productive and fossiliferous greensand for- 

 mation, succeeded by a somewhat sandy belt, less 

 fertile than the greensand, although the greater 

 part of its extent is by no means unproductive. 

 The coast-region has many salt-marshes, some of 

 them dyked, and thus rendered tillable ; and farther 

 inland is a considerable body of extremely rich 

 alluvial soil. The western border of the state is 

 generally well wooded, and in some places flat and 

 marshy. The rivers of Delaware are mostly small, 



Copyright 1889, 1897, and 

 1900 in the U. S. by J. B. 

 Lippiiicott Company. 



