DELAWARE 



DKIJII 



739 



luit many an- navigable. In the north kaolin ami 

 iron nrr HIV found, and bog ore or limonitc occurs 

 to Home extent in other parts. The state is divided 

 into three comities, New Castle in the north, Kent 

 in tin- cent iv, and Sussex in the south. 



The stall- is well provided with railroad facilities, 

 and in i-r..-^-.l by a canal connecting the Delaware 

 and Chesapeake hays. The northern section has 

 large and varied manufacturing interests. Fishing 

 and the taking of oysters and crabs are import- 

 ant industries in Sussex county, and along the 

 shores ami tidal streams. Peaches and the various 

 small fruit-, as well as market-garden products, are 

 leading articles of export; the principal cereal 

 crops are mai/.e, wheat, and oats. Pop. (1870) 

 125,015; (1880) 146,608 (of whom 26,448 were of 

 pure or mixed African descent) ; (1890) 168,493. 



The principal towns are Wilmington (pop. in 

 1880, 42,478, in 1890, 61,437), New Castle (4010). 

 Dover, the state capital (3061), and Smyrna (2455). 



Delaware's first permanent white settlements 

 were made by Swedes and Finns who settled at 

 Christiana (Wilmington) in 1638; for a Dutch 

 settlement of 1630 at Hoornkill (now Lewes) was 

 destroyed a year later by the Indians. The colony 

 of New Sweden inducted a small part of Penn- 

 sylvania and a section of New Jersey. For several 

 years the Dutch and Swedes contended for the pos- 

 session of this region, till in 1655 it passed under 

 Dutch swav. After the transfer of New Amster- 

 dam (now New York) to the English rule in 1664, 

 Delaware became English also, being governed from 

 New York until 1632, when William Penn became 

 proprietary of the three Delaware counties, which, 

 though attached to Pennsylvania, never formed any 

 part of that colony. In 1776 a constitution was 

 adopted, followed by another in 1791 ; and this was 

 revised in 1831. Delaware was the first state to 

 ratify ( 1767 ) the Federal constitution. It took no 

 part in the secession movement, but retained its 

 slaves until the passage of the 13th amendment. It 

 Offers several curious survivals, such as its division 

 into hundreds, and the retention of whipping-post 

 and pillory. For map, see MARYLAND. 



Delaware, THOMAS WEST, LORD, the first 

 governor of Virginia, arrived there from England 

 in June 1610, but nine months later was prostrated 

 by ill-health, and died in 1618. 



Delawares* See AMERICAN INDIANS. 



Del Credere* Commission, the higher rate 

 or allowance charged by a factor or agent, in 

 respect of which he guarantees the solvency of the 

 purchaser, and renders himself personally liable to 

 his principal in case of the purchaser's failure to 

 pay the price of the goods sold. It is not necessary 

 that the contract be in writing. The amount of 

 the premium is of course variable, but it is fre- 

 quently double an ordinary selling commission. 



Deleb Palm, or ETHIOPIAN FAN PALM (Bor- 

 assits a-t/ifo/nnn), is very common and widely dis- 

 tributed throughout Central Africa, where it often 

 practically replaces the date palm in the domestic 

 economy of many negro tribes. Its large hard nut 

 is eaten fresh, but also largely planted until ger- 

 mination has fairly commenced ; the young embryo 

 thus laden with sugar, &c., is then eaten raw "or 

 cooked. 



Delectus (Lat., 'a selection'), the old name 

 often applied to a selection of passages from Latin 

 or Greek writers graduated in difficulty for the 

 use of young learners. None is so famous as 

 Valpy's. 



Delegation (Ital. dclegazionc), the term for- 

 merly applied in Lombardy, Venice, and the States 

 pf the Church, both to the governor and governing 

 court of a province and to the province iUelf. The 



nmiiU'r of such province* varied, but wan at one time 

 nineteen. The delegate wan alwayn a prelate, and 

 directly appointed by the pope. If he wan a car- 

 dinal, lie was called a Legate, and hi* province a 

 Legation. 



Delescluze, Louis CHARLES, French com- 

 munist, was horn at Dreux, 20th October 1800. 

 His politics early drove him from France to jour- 

 nalism in Belgium, but the February revolution 

 opened to him a career in Paris, where In- clever 

 and facile pen quickly made him popular with the 

 rabble, but earned him from the authorities im- 

 prisonment and a fine of 10,000 francs. Again at 

 Paris in 1853, he was sentenced to two years' im- 

 prisonment, and was next transported to Cayenne, 

 where he remained till 1859. His experiences of 

 his sufferings he gave in De Paris A Cayenne ; Jour- 

 nal d'ttn Transport^ (1867). After his return he 

 was quiet for some years, until his journal, Jtevcil, 

 started in 1868 to advocate the doctrines of the 

 International, brought him anew into trouble. In 

 the infamous history of the Paris Commune he 

 played a prominent part, and upon his head rests 

 in great part the guilt of its most execrable atro- 

 cities the murder of the hostages, and the burning 

 of the public buildings of the city. He died on the 

 last barricade, 28th May 1871. 



DHfshaven, an old town in South Holland on 

 the Maas, l mile W. of Rotterdam, with which 

 city it was incorporated in 1886. 



Delft, one of the most ancient towns of South 

 Holland, is situated on the Schie, 8 miles NW. of 

 Rotterdam by rail, and is intersected by numerous 

 canals. Delft was noted from the liiili to the 18th 

 century for its delft- ware (see POTTERY), but has 

 now entirely lost its high reputation for this manu- 

 facture, and not more than a few dozen persons 

 are engaged in making earthenware. Of several 

 interesting buildings, one, the town-hall (1618), is 

 a picturesque and nchly adorned edifice. The New 

 Church (1476) contains a monument, more ornate 

 than tasteful, to the memory of William I. of 

 Orange, who was assassinated here, 10th July 1584. 

 It also contains the tomb of Grotius, and the 

 burial-vaults of the present royal family of Hol- 

 land. The Old Church, a building of some note, 

 contains the tomb of the naturalist, Leeuwenhoek, 

 and of the great admiral, Van Tromp. Delft has 

 also a state arsenal, an East Indian college, a 

 polytechnic, and several hospitals. There are some 

 manufactures of tine carpets, casks, baskets. Pop. 

 (1876)23,804; (1888)27,591; ( 1895) 31,94. 



Delhi (Dchli), an imperial city of Northern 

 India, and the chief commercial and industrial 

 centre of the Punjab, on the right bank of the 

 Jumna, 13 miles from the railway junction of 

 Ghaziabad, 113 NNW. of Agra, and 954 NW. of 

 Calcutta. It is walled on three sides, has ten 

 gates, and stands on high ground, the grand 

 series of buildings forming the famous palace 

 of Shah Jehan, now the Fort, looking out over 

 the river and a wide stretch of wooded and 

 cultivated country. To the north, about a mile 

 distant, rises the* historic ' ridge,' crowned with 

 memorials of the Mutiny, and commanding a fine 

 view of the city, the domes and minareta of 

 which overtop the encircling groves. The gardens 

 in the city, the suburbs, and the neighbouring 

 country, are all richlv wooded. Delhi is the ter- 

 minus of the East Indian and Rajputana rail- 

 \\a\-, the former crossing the Jumna by a fine 

 iron bridge. Fergusson describes in detail the 

 palace buildings, which are the splendid heritage 

 of Mogul sovereignty. Hrieliy, they comprise the 

 cathedral-like entrance hall, the <inran-i-khas, or 

 audience hall, the dttran-i-tnn, the ntng mahal 

 (now a mess-room), and several lesser pavilions, 



