760 



DENNERY 



DENTALIUM 



Sweden at Paris, the artists of Denmark have 

 been especially attracted to Rome. The sculptor 

 Thorwaldsen (q.v. ) has left a great monument of 

 his genius in tne works contained in the Thor- 

 waldsen Museum at Copenhagen. Of later artists 

 may be mentioned the painters Marstrand,- Carl 

 Bloch, Exner, Kroyers, Henningsen, and Otto 

 Bache. Of music, the chief composers in the 19th 

 century have been Hartmann, Gade, and Heise. 



See Nyerup and Rahbek, Den danske Diytekunsts 

 Historic, 4 vols. (1800-8), and Udsigt over den damke 

 Dii/tekunut under Frederik V. oy Christian VII. ( 1819-1'S) ; 

 Nyerup and J. E. Kraft, Almindeligl Litteraturlexikon 

 for /'iinmark, Norge og Island (Copenhagen, 1818-20); 

 Petersen, Den, danxke Literatars Historic, 6 vols. ( 1853- 

 64); Overskou, Den danske Skueplads i dens Historic 

 (1859-74); G-. Brandes, Ludvig Holberg og hans 'lid 

 (1884); the general treatises in Danish by Thortsen 

 (18U; 6fch ed. 1866), Heiberg (1831), Molbech (1839), 

 Strom (1871), Erikson (Christiania, 1878), Winkel-Horn 

 (18-0), and Hansen (1884 et seq.); and in German by 

 Strodtmann (1873), Wollheim de Fonseca (1874-77), and 

 Winkel-Horn (1880). See also a part of Edmund W. 

 Gosse's Studies in the Literature of Northern Europe 

 (1879). 



Dennery, ADOLPHE PHILIPPE, a French dra- 

 matic writer of Jewish extraction, was born at 

 Paris on June 17, 1811. His first employment was 

 that of clerk to a notary ; but he soon became a 

 successful dramatic author, and was so prolific 

 that between 1831 and 1881 he produced, by him- 

 self or in concert with others, regular dramas, vaude- 

 villes, and operatic texts, about two hundred in 

 number. One of the most successful was the drama, 

 Marie Jeanne ( 1845). He was creator and mayor 

 (1898) of the well-known Norman watering-place, 

 Cabourg. Died January 25, 1899. 



Deniiewitz, a small village in the province of 

 Brandenburg, Prussia, 42 miles SSW. of Berlin. 

 Here was fought, on the 6th of September 1813, a 

 battle in which 70,000 French, Saxons, and Poles, 

 under Ney, were routed, after obstinate fighting, 

 by 50,000 Prussians, under Bulow. 



Dennis, JOHN, critic, was born in London in 

 1657, the son of a prosperous saddler. He had 

 his education at Harrow, and Caius College, Cam- 

 bridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1679. After a 

 tour through France and Italy, he took his place 

 among the wits and men of fashion, and brought a 

 sufficiently rancorous pen to the assistance of the 

 Whig party. His acquaintance with Dryden and 

 Wycherley and other distinguished wits, as well 

 as his native bent, made him a playwright. His 

 plays had but little success. Of the nine, the two 

 most famous were Liberty Asserted (1704) and 

 Appius and Virginia (produced 1709). Pope's 

 Essay on Criticism (1711) contained a contemptu- 

 ous allusion to the latter, answered by Dennis 

 next month in Reflections, Critical and Satirical, 

 which was the commencement of a long and em- 

 bittered feud between the poet and the critic. 

 Pope's Narrative of Dr Robert Norris, concerning 

 the Strange and Deplorable Frenzy of. John 

 Dennis, an officer in the Custom-House (1713), was 

 a virulent, vulgar, and officious attack made on 

 Addison's behalf, but in which that genial author, 

 through Steele, disavowed any complicity. Dennis 

 was poor and blind during his last years. A few 

 weeks after a theatrical performance, got up for 

 his benefit by Pope and some others, he died, 6th 

 January 1734. Dennis was embroiled in contro- 

 versy all his life, and his naturally impatient 

 temper became completely soured. He made 

 many enemies, and his name, which his own 

 writings could scarce preserve, will live for ever 

 in their contempt and hate. He is one of the best- 

 abused men in English literature. Swift lam- 

 pooned him, and Pope not only assailed him in 



the Essay on Criticism, but finally ' damned him 

 to everlasting fame ' in the Dunciad. Yet he was 

 no fool, and his Advancement and Reformation of 

 Modern Poetry (1701) and The Grounds of Criti- 

 cism in Poetry (1704) will still repay perusal. 

 'Spite of the growling of poor old Dennis,' says 

 Mr Lowell, ' his sandy pedantry was not without 

 an oasis of refreshing sound judgment here and 

 there. ' 



Denouement (Fr. denouer, 'to untie'), a 

 French term naturalised in England, applied gener- 

 ally to the termination or catastrophe of a play 

 or romance ; but, more strictly speaking, to the 

 train of circumstances solving the plot, and hasten- 

 ing the catastrophe. 



Dens* PETER, a well-known Roman Catholic 

 theologian, was born in 1690, at Boom, near 

 Antwerp. Little is known of his early life ; but 

 from the epitaph on his tomb in the chapel of 

 the archiepiscopal college of Maliries, it appears 

 that he was reader in theology at Malines for 

 twelve years, plebanus or parish priest of St 

 Rumold's, and president of the College of Malines 

 for forty years. He died 15th February 1775, in 

 the eighty-fifth year of his age. The work which 

 has rendered Dens's name familiar, even to the 

 Protestant public, is his Theologia Moralis et Dog- 

 matica. It is a systematic exposition and defence 

 in the form of a catechism of every point of ethics 

 and doctrine maintained by Roman Catholics, and 

 is extensively adopted as the text-book of the- 

 ology in their colleges. It appears to owe its popu- 

 larity more to its being a handy and usable com- 

 pilation than to any great talent exhibited by its 

 author. The casuistical parts of the work have 

 been severely criticised by Protestant moralists. 

 An edition was published at Dublin in 1832. 



Density. When of two bodies of equal bulk, 

 one contains more matter than the other, it is said 

 to have greater density than that other. Since 

 weight is proportional to mass, the same numbers 

 may be and are used to represent specific gravity 

 and density. Lithium is the least dense metal 

 known, its density being 0'59 if that of water be 

 called unity. Ordinary air may be easily com- 

 pressed so as to be denser than lithium. Indium 

 is probably the densest substance known, its density 

 being 22 "4 times that of water. Osmium, however, 

 is very nearly if not quite as dense. The more 

 ordinary metals stand in the following order as 

 regards density : Aluminium, antimony, zinc, iron 

 (wrought), copper, 'bismuth, silver, lead, gold, 

 platinum. 



Dental Formula. See TEETH. 



Dentalium ( Lat. dens, 'a tooth'), or Elephant's 

 Tiisk Shell, a remarkable genus of molluscs, type 

 of a small class called Scaphopoda. The shell is 

 tubular, like an elephant's tusk, open at both ends, 

 and lined by an almost completely tubular ' mantle.' 



Dentalium, in natural position in sand. 



The animal has an indistinct cylindrical head with 

 a mouth at its extremity, surrounded by a circle of 

 tentacles. Two pads at the base of the head and 

 above the foot bear ciliated contractile filaments, 

 possibly respiratory. The 'foot' .is long and 

 divided into three at the end. The mouth includes 



