DERBYSHIRE 



l-l I I IIAIC 



1879(whirli completed tin- century) llieie were 27s 

 nbioribere, ami tin- value of th.-' -take* .\cnedett 

 7000. Subsequently the numbers dimini-lied till, 

 in 1H88, there were only l.'.s Mili-cril,ei-. ,,n.l no 

 more tliiui nine hor-.es ran, while the value of tin- 

 stakes wa> t'M(>75. In order to increase tin- nun- 

 petitore in future, the conditions of tin- I.M> wen- 

 tin^ altered. Since 1825 (when tin- subscription 

 was changed from guineas to sovereigns) the fee 

 has been I'.Vi each, with .i2.~> forfeit in ca.-c of non- 

 starters; ami the value of the stakes has van.-. I 

 with the nuinlM'r of subscribers. Under the new 

 regulations (coming into operation with tin- Derby 

 of 1X90) there is a fixed prize of not lew* than 0000 

 for the winner, and smaller prizes for second and 

 third ; ami any surplus from the entrance fern 

 will al>o go to the winner. The full subscription 

 i- -till 50, but there are two forfeit* viz. 10 

 only if the declaration of forfeit in made about 

 eighteen months prior to tlie race, or 25 if made 

 about six months before the race. The entries are 

 m.-i.d about two years l>efore the race, when the 

 animals are yearlings. The alteration of conditions 

 proved attractive to racehorse owners, as the entries 

 for the Derby of 1890 rose to 238. The Derby Day 

 is a great English holiday. To be present at 

 Epsom on that occasion London empties itself, and 

 proceeds to the Downs by modes of locomotion the 

 most heterogeneous. For hours a continuous 

 stream of carnages, gigs, dog-carts, vans, and 

 vehicles of every description moves tumultuously 

 along the road to Epsom. The benches of parlia- 

 ment are deserted ; people of every condition come 

 in countless numbers from all districts, and huge 

 trains arrive every few minutes at the station, 

 bringing their thousands, until the entire Downs 

 are covered with a vast moving mass. At the 

 Derby in 1861, the course, which is a mile and a 

 half in length, was gone over in 2 minutes 43 

 seconds the swiftest running, by 2 seconds, ever 

 known on that course up to that time. In 1864 the 

 race was nin in the same time, although the horses 

 carried 3 Ib. more weight than before. In 1887 and 

 again in 1888 the race was run in 2 minutes 43 

 seconds, although 4 Ib. more had been added to the 

 weight. When the Derby was first instituted the 

 weights were 8 stone for colts, and 7 stone 1 1 Ib. for 

 fillies ; but they have been raised several times, 

 until now colts have to carry 9 st. and fillies 8st. 

 9 Ib. It was run in 1896 in 2 minutes 42 seconds. 



Derbyshire, an inland county of the north 

 midland district of England, lies between York- 

 shire on the north and Leicestershire on the south, 

 and is Hanked on the east by Nottinghamshire, and 

 on the west by Staffordshire. The shire is of an 

 irregular triangle shape, with the apex to the 

 south ; ite greatest breadth is 34 miles, and it- 

 length 56; its area extends over 1029 sq. in., or 

 6.KS,<>24 acres. Pop. ( 1841 ) 272,302 ; ( 1861 ) 33l.:7 ; 

 (1881)461,914; ( 1891 ) 5'20,88<5. Derbyshire is the 

 twentieth of the English counti-s in area, and tin- 

 nineteenth in population. The surface of the county 

 is much diversified, the south lieing for the moat 

 part flat, the east of a varied and undulating char- 

 acter, but the north exceptionally hilly ami rugged. 

 The high land of the north, usually known as 

 the Peak (which is the name of a district and not of 

 any particular point or mountain), is the southern 

 termination of the Pennine chain, and forms tin- 

 watershed between the Trent ami the Mcr-ev. The 

 chief summits are Kinder Scout, 2<>s2 feet ; Axe 

 Edge, 1810 feet; Blakelow Stones, Mam Tor, and 

 Lord's Seat, all about 1700 feet. North Derbyshire 

 is justly celebrated for its picturesque scenery, 

 which cliiefly centres in the valleys made through 

 the limestone by the rivers Derwent and Wye. 

 Matlock and Buxton, where there are warm 

 mineral springs, are the two chief places of resort. 

 153 



( nli.T chief town* KM- the four municipal 

 of Derby, Chesterfield, (iliiMip, an. I Ilk.-N.n i 

 and AnlilMiurne, itukewell, 1M|-T, nnd W it k worth. 

 The county ii*di\ id-<| mto MX Inindn-dn : lii^-li I 

 mirth-went ; Kcardale, north ea-t ; \\ irkworlh. 

 wr-t ; Appletree, south we*t ; Morli-in and 

 I Jtchurch, east ; and Kepton and .!--!. \ .uih. 

 Derbyshire no\\ returns nine m.-ml- i- i<. parlia- 

 ment ; two for the Ixirough of Ik-rbv. nml M-teu j.,r 

 the county, who hit n-siM-ctivelv for <'het-rfi-ld. 

 High IVak, Mid Dwovshire, m..-t.,M. North 

 eastern Derbyshire, Southern, and Western. The 

 county council con-ists of so member*. 



In addition to ini|H>i taut c >al mining, chiefly in 

 the eastern dixision, Derbyshire i* singularly 

 wealthy lor its area in a divi-iu of mim-ml* and 

 metals ; iron, lead, zinc, manganese, copper, gyp- 

 sum, pi|KH-lay and chert for |MitterieM, marble, 

 fluor-spar, and alabaster being all work.il within 

 its Itoundaries. The chief manufacture* are cotton, 

 silk, elastic web, worsted, metallic good*, porcelain 

 and pottery, and niarhle-Hpar ornament*. Though 

 more a manufacturing aim mining than an agrirnl- 

 tural county, Derbyshire is not undistinguished for 

 ite pastoral and corn-growing nropertie*. The chief 

 crops are wheat, barley, and oat**. Of the total 

 area, 78 per cent, is under crops of all kinds, bare 

 fallow, and grass. There is much permanent pas- 

 ture and large sheep-walks in the Peak district. 

 Several dairies of repute are in the Mouth of the 

 county, and their produce in chietlv taken by 

 recently established cheese-factories on Oic American 

 principle. Ecclesiastically Derbyshire is now an 

 archdeaconry of the new diocese of Southwell, and 

 is divided into nineteen rural deaneries, and into 

 140 parishes. There are ruins of aliU-vs at Dale 

 and Beauchief, and peculiarly fine cliurches at 

 Melbourne, Ashbourne, and Tideswell. The Saxon 

 crypt and chancel of Kepton, and the churchyard 

 crosses of Eyam, Bakewell, Hoje, \c., are" the 

 oldest ecclesiastical remains. Of feudal and 

 domestic buildings may IK- named the castles 

 of Castleton. Ilojsovrr, ami Dutiield. the manor 

 house of South \Vintield (ruin), Haddon Hall, 

 and Hardwick Hall. C'hatewiirth (q.v.). the 

 seat of the Duke of Devonshire, is unrivalled. 

 The caves and numerous tumuli or 'lows' have 

 yielded many evidences of prehistoric and (Vltic 

 man ; whilst the traces of Roman occupation are 

 numerous. Arbelow, near Youlgreave, i- the most 

 ini]Mirtant ' stone circle ' in Knglaml next to Stone- 

 henge. Though a turbulent county in KnglUh 

 history, and ever taking part in all civil tumult-, 

 I >ei livshire has not furnished the -ite of nn\ remark- 

 able tuittle nor tilayed any s|teciai jmrt in national 

 affairs ; its chid historic ass4>ciatioii is the retreat 

 in 1745 of Prince Charles Kdward, iK-rby bring the 

 turning-point in his Ixild but rash entemrise. 

 county claims as native-, Flamstef^l tfie 

 riier, Kichanl-oii the noveli-t,( li.iutrey 

 and Brimlley the enginoer. Ixmlie !ir>t 

 an English -ilk mill at Derby in 1719, and Strutt 

 arid Ark right first made r'.ngli-h calicoes at Croin- 

 ford in this county in 1773. 



See Pendleton' fKstory ../ Drrbytkir* ( 1886) ; and Utt 

 worktof l)r < r.i /VrfcyAirr, Ck urrkrt of Itrrlf. 



tkire (4 voU. 1S7B 79), Tkn-r <'r*ttir,rt u( l*rt,fttnr* 

 A nwit ( 1891 ). nn.l Tkt '/,/ Hall*, Manor t, ttd Jfewtfttt 

 o/ Hrrf>ittitirf ( 1SJI1 ) rt fry.}. 



Drribysliire Neck i- <;ntre ([ 

 IlerbyKliire Spar h riuor S|Mtr .|.v.). 

 llcrrliaill. KAST, a ploasnnt. thrivinc mn 

 town of Norfolk, 17 miles ( bv rail 22 WNXV. of 

 Norwich. Hen-, in >."(>. St WitliU-rga founded a 

 nunnery. It was burned by the Danes, but ;c 

 wards refounded ; and it cruciform church remain*. 

 with a detached belfry ( the New Clucker ' i. a lont 

 of 1468, a good south porch, St Withberga's well. 



