I>I A MI' KU 



DIAPHRAGM 



anil profligate, mini, |>er*uaded liy an adventure** 

 niimril hi- Luiiotte, who \\.-iiti-.l Hi* mi comt, that 

 the queen (Marie Antoinette) regarded liim with 

 favour, became completely inf.it iiatc.l with tin- 

 idea. One night in August 17H4 tin 1 i>oor duite 

 hat! the happiness of a moment's interview in the 

 groves around Versailles with the iim-en in the 

 person of a girl who closely resembled her. De 

 Lamotte had stated to the cardinal that the queen 

 \\.i- <lrsinms of obtaining thin glorious necklace, 

 ami that not having sufficient money iust then, 

 she would sign an agreement to purchase it if 

 the cardinal would become security. The cardinal 

 consented. The agreement was approved of and 

 signed with the royal signature, as also with that 

 of the cardinal, who, on the 1st February 17 s -'. 

 carried off the treasure from the maker to Ver- 

 sailles, where it had been agreed the queen 

 should send for it. In a few days De Lamotte 

 and her husband, having disappeared from Paris, 

 were busily engaged in selling the separate dia- 

 monds in the necklace. The whole transaction 

 had been a trick ; the messages from the queen, 

 oral and written, were without foundation, the 

 latter, indeed, being forged by a soi-dittant valet, 

 who was skilled in imitating handwriting. The 

 plot was discovered by means of the maker of 

 the diamond necklace, who, not receiving any 

 money when the period of the first instalment hod 

 arrived, went to court, demanding to know if the 

 necklace hod been delivered to the queen. In a 

 few months the cardinal found himself in the 

 Bastille, where some of those by whom he hat! 

 been duped had already been lodged. In May 1786 

 the trial of the prisoners was brought to a close. 

 De Lamotte was branded on each shoulder with 

 the letter V ( for voleuse, ' thief ' ), and was sentenced 

 to perpetual imprisonment. Her husband, who had 

 flea to England, was sentenced in his absence to 

 the galleys for life. The cardinal and the girl who 

 had personated the queen were dismissed without 

 punishment. The queen was falsely supposed by 

 the populace of Paris to have had a part in the 

 plot, and the odium resulting from it was heaped 

 upon her, even at the last, when she sat on the 

 tumbril that bore her through a raging and cursing 

 mob to the guillotine. 



See Carlyle's study, in his Essays ; Vizetelly's Storv 

 of the Diamond Necklace (new ed. 1880); and French 

 works hy Campardon ( 1863 ) and D'est Ange i !>>'.' 



Diamper. See THOMAS (CHRISTIANS OK ST). 



Diana, an ancient Italian divinity, identified 

 by the Romans with the Greek Artemis. She 

 was a goddess of light, and she represented the 

 moon, just as Dianus (Janus) did the sun. It 

 is said that Servius Tullius was the first to intro- 

 duce her worship at Rome, and apparently she 

 was first worshipped by patricians only. See 

 ARTEMIS. 



Diana (1) OF POITIERS, a favourite of Henry 

 IT. of France, was born in 1499, the eldest daughter 

 of Jean de Poitiers. Married at thirteen, she be- 

 came a widow at thirty-two, and ere long attached 

 the affections of the nineteen years younger dauphin 

 etronglv to herself. On his accession as Henry II. 

 (1547) Diana enjoyed great influence, did much to 

 reform the court, and brought its inlluence to l>ear 

 strongly against the reforming party. She was 

 made Duchess of Valentinois in l.">48, retired from 

 court to her castle ChAteau d'Anet on the king** 

 death in 1559, and died in 1566. The splendid 

 Chateau de Chenonceaux (n.v.) was given her 

 by the king, but after her death was taken by 

 Catharine de' Medici. It still contains many 

 memorials of its most famous mistress. { 2) 

 DIANA OF FRANCE, Duchess of Ansouleme, was 

 born in 1538, natural daughter of Henry II. and 



a Piedmonteae (according u othrm, at Diana of 



I 'oi tiers), wan formal! v ifgiiimi--l. and married 

 tint to a win of the (hike of Parma, next to the 

 eldest HOII of the Countable de Mont 

 enjoyed great influence at court nnd-r lleiin l\ . 

 sii|>eiiiit< nded the education of the young prince, 

 afterwards I/oui* XIII.. then retired from court, 

 and dieil without iiutue in 1619. 



DlanthuH. See CARNATION, PINK. 



Diapa'SOn (Or.), a term in IIHIMC b\ which the 

 ancient Creeks designated the octave. The French 

 use the term as equivalent to /,, !!,. I>ia|>a*on in 

 also the Knglish name given to the fundamental 

 stops of the Organ (q.v.). 



Diaper, a term applied to certain form* of 

 flat or slightly relieved ornament. Any pattern 

 formed of a floral, leafy, geometric, or other device, 

 repeated over a flat surface, w called diaper or 

 diaper work; but according to some authorities 

 the device should lie free from bounding lines 

 forming squares, as a pattern of this nature should 

 rather oe called cttecker or checker work. 



In textile fabrict the term ap(>ean< to have Wn 

 given at one time to silk fabrics with almost any 

 kind of repeated pattern ujon them. It in an 

 older name for figured silk than l>ama*k (o.v. ). 

 The By/antinc (Greeks called a silk with Nith 

 pattern and ground of one colour f/i'#//r/i , and the 

 Latins, following the Un-ek-. named such a fabric 

 i/iii.f/>fi; which by a slight change Itecame the Kng- 

 lish word diaper. Chaucer refers to 'cloth of gold 

 diapred wele' (see Textile Fabric*, by the Rev. 1>. 

 Rock, D.D.). Any kind of textile fabric, ]>aj>er, or 

 leather, with a more or less enriched geometrical 

 pattern is. in a general way, said to be diapered. 

 But as regards textiles the term diaper nowadays 

 is almost confined to undved linen with a w.i\.n 

 diamond pattern, although cotton imitations are 

 made. According to the size of this pattern the 

 stuff is called bird's-eye, pheasant's-eye, fish-eye, 

 or Russia diaper. 



In Architecture, diaper-work, or diapering, i* a 

 kind of decoration applied to plane surface*, and 

 consists of a small repeated pattern either of con- 

 ventional flowers, leaves, or other device*, carved 

 or painted. The flower, or other object, is gener- 

 ally inclosed by lines, 

 fillets, or slender mould- 

 ings, which constitute 

 in themselves a sort of 

 geometrical diapering. 

 When the. pattern is 

 carved, it is generally 

 sunk : and when painted, 

 it consists of a darker 

 shade of the same colour 

 as the plane surface, by 

 which the effect of shadow Diaper, 



in communicated to it. 



The accompanying illustration, from Bloxam's 

 linthie Architecture, exhibits a very beautiful 

 example of Decorated Knglish diapering 

 taken from Canterbury Cathedral. In Professor 

 Willis's book on this building other examples are 

 given. . 



Diaphoretics. SeeSuDoin 



Diaphragm, or MIDKIKK >Cr. tltnjt^mgma^ 

 'a partition ' i. is the name applied in aiiatotnv to 

 designate the miiM'ulo-tendiiuiu* partition which in 

 man and the mammalia gviieiwlly wjwirate* the 

 cavity of the thorax from that of the abdomen. Its 

 al form is that of a Home directed towards the 

 chest, the lower part and sides being muscular, 

 while the central or highest portion con*i*U of 

 an expande<l tendon. The mu*rular fibni* have 

 an extensive origin from the circumference of the 







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