IM.N 



I-I.AShS 



III 





va in 1007, which was one of the best trans- 

 lations of the Kefoimatioli |-t|od, and in ntlll III 

 Ue. His Anmttiltiintt.1 in liiUm ( HKI7 i are a 

 value. He died at i 

 lludc, 1'ie tie Jean l>fl,i(i 1 1 ieneva, 1869). A 



nephew, Cll AICI. US Itlu It \|| I o/-,vi IlillS ,'W ), is TV- 

 iiiemlieied a> the friend of Milton. Son of a doctor 

 \\lio had settled ill F.ii-laml, he was educate., 

 Pauls School, and Tiiuily ( 'olle^e, ( \iord, and for 

 the last nine yeais of his life practised medicine 

 iie-ter and in lll.n kfriars. 



Ihotloll. See Cl.olii: I I -II. 



IModoriix Sir nlns. dreek historian, was 



born at A^yriiim. in Sicily. Little is known of his 

 life beyond what is told by himself. He lived in 

 the time- of Julius Ca-sar and Augustus, travelled 

 in \siii ami Kurojie. and lived a long time in Koine. 

 Collecting the materials of his great work, the com 

 pilation of which occupied thirty years. This 

 work, the Jiibliiit/tfkr llixtnriki , was a history of 

 the world, in forty l>ooks, from the creation to the 

 Gallic ware of Julius Ca-sar. It was divided by 

 the author into three parts the first of which, iii 

 fix books, comprises all the Greek and foreign 

 mythical history down to the Trojan war; the 

 second, in eleven books, contains the history from 

 the year 1184 B.C. to the death of Alexander the 

 Great; the third, in twenty-three Itooks, continues 

 the narrative of events from that date to the year 

 60 B.c. Of this great work, the first five liooks are 

 extant entire ; the next five books are wholly lo-t ; 

 the next ten are complete ; and of the remainder of 

 the work, considerable fragments have been pre- 

 served in the Excerpta in Photius, and in the 

 Eclogce prepared by command of Constantine Por- 

 phyrogenitus. Had Diodorus Siculus possessed anv 

 powers either of criticism or of arrangement, his 

 work would have been of the greatest importance ; 

 but he was in both respects so deficient, that his 

 history has no practical value beyond what belongs 

 to an immense mass of raw and now scarcely avail- 

 able material. His narrative is colourless and 

 monotonous, and his diction, generally clear and 

 simple, holds a sort of middle place between the 

 pure Attic and the colloquial Greek of his time. 

 The best editions of Diodorus Siculus are Wes- 

 seling's (Amst. 174fi), L. Dindorf's (]s-_>s .SI), ami 

 Bekker's (1S53-.V4) : re-edited l.y Vogel (1888-93). 



IM<r Vious ((lr. f/;*; 'twice;' and oik, 'a 

 habitation'), a term applied by Linnanis to plants 

 in which separate individuals" exclusively produce 

 male and female flowers respectively. Great im- 

 portance was attached to this in the artificial 

 system of classification ; but dioecious species occur 

 in all groups of plants indifferently, however 

 commonly hermaphrodite ; and similarly, herma- 

 phrodite forms occur in groups usuallymuH-ion-. 

 This is probably explained l.y regarding the com- 

 plete separation of the sexes as a phase of evolu- 

 tion Iteyond hcrmaphroditism which tends to arise 

 in plants as in animals, and from which reversion to 

 hermaphroditism may also readily occur, pn.bal.lv 

 in conditions favourable to vegetal ivem (see 



!-i:.tin .THIN). Familiar e\amp 

 dio-ciotts pi. mis m.i\ )>e s,.,.n in most sjN-cies of 

 willow, or in the pink or white Lychnis , /. ,l,,i,-nn 

 and L. vetpertina), or the Common Netth- / 

 iHuica). Amongst cultivated plants. hemp, 

 spinach, and the date -palm may !>< instance,!. 



Diogenes, the Cynic philosopher, was a native 

 of Sinope, in Pontus, where he wa> iMtrn alM.ut 412 

 B.C. His father, a Itanker named Icesias or Icetas, 

 was convicted of swindling, and so the youn^ 

 Diogenes had to leave Sim>|- and go to Athens. 

 His youth had Iteen that of a sjM-iulthrift and a 

 rake, but at Athens his interest was arrested by 

 the character of Antisthenes, who, however, re 



jH-lle<l hi* fimt advances But nut even blows 

 ci HI Id rw. train the rnthtutMtic ani'Mtr of tl 

 and at length AnUwtheocM, movod 

 nii oompaiHiion, eomented to admit him a* a 

 pupii. From an extravagant deljauebee, IHogeae* 

 at once became an ancetic of tin- extraneM 

 aunUMit\ II. would roll in hot *and during tin- 

 heat of Hummer ; in winter, he would finhrare a 

 statue co\i-ied with HIIOW. Hi- clotliin^ * 

 tin- roiirx-st, in- I'IMM! of the plaitimt. Hi- lied was 

 the I tare ground, whether in tin- i|--n 

 iindiT the porticoes. At length he found liiniM-lf a 

 iMTiiianent rt-sidt-iK.- in a tub which l--l..n-i-,i i., d,.. 

 Nlctroiim, or the templi of the Mother o| tin- ' 

 Hi- -.-(-. ntric life did not -<^t him the r-*|i^-t of 

 the Athenian-, who admired hi* contempt for com- 

 fort, and allowed him a wide latitude of comment 

 and rebuke. Practical JJIMM! a* the chief aim of 

 his philosophy ; for literature and the fine art* he 

 did not corn-eat hi.s disdain. ||, laughed at in- 

 letters for reading the hufferin^'s of I I\>M. while 

 neglecting their own ; at muMciaiiH woo spent in 

 stringing their lyres the time which would have 

 IH-.-H much better employed in making their own 

 discordant natures harmonious ; at philowtphen 

 for gazing at the heavenly Unlie-, while xuliliincly 

 incognisant of earthly ones ; at orators who ntudied 

 how to enforce truth, but not how to practise it. 

 He was seized by pirates on a voyage to .Kgina. and 

 carried to Crete, where he was sold as a slave. 

 When asked what business he understood, be 

 answered: 'How to command men.' Hi* pur- 

 chaser was Xeniades of Corinth ; but the lave 

 soon came to rule the master, acquired his freedom, 

 was appointed tutor to the children, and spent hu 

 old age as one of the household. It was here that 

 he had his interview with Alexander the (treat. 

 The king opened the conversation with : ' I am 

 Alexander the Great,' to which the philosopher 

 answered: 'And I am Diogenes the Cynic.' 

 Alexander then asked him in what way he could 

 serve him, to which Diogenes rejoined : ' You can 

 stand out of the sunshine.' Alexander in said to 

 have been so struck with the Cynic's elf-poMet> 

 -ion, that he went away remarking : ' If I were not 

 Alexander, I would be Diogenes.' The philoso- 

 pher lived at Corinth till his death at the age of 

 ninelv, :>3 B.C. See Hermann, '/.ur (ietduckt* 

 itml kntik ilet Dioyenet (Heilhnmn, I860). 



Diogenes Lttertins seenis to have been born 

 at Laerte, in Cilicia, and to have taken hi* surname 



from that town. Little is known of his history; 

 but it is most piol.al.le that he flourished in the 9d 

 century A. it. His name has been kept alive by his 

 of the PhiJutuuiifr*, a work in ton books, in 

 which he divide* the philosophy of the Creeks 

 into the Ionic Iteginning with Anaximander, and 

 ending with Chr\si|.|ns and Kpicurus and the 

 Italian, founded fy Pythagoras, and ending with 

 KpiciiniK The Sn-ratic M-hool was a part of the 

 Ionic philosophy: to the Italian belong the Eleatk*. 

 with Heraclitus and the Scejiiim. This work eon- 

 tains a great ma** of intere-tin^ infonimtion regard- 

 ing the private ttvtl and habit* of the nuwt eminent 

 philosopher* of antiouity. Though it is utterly 

 worthless in respect ot plan, coheren. ism, 



it yet contains >o man) piquant anecdotes, and so 

 many valuable quotation* fiom lit uorka, 

 Mon'tJiignc'i* wi-li "-ts |M-iba|M n ui-tilinl.lr 

 that instead of one LaerttUK, we hail had a 

 The bwl edition* of Laertiu* are tho of Hubner 

 < I.eip. 1888-31) and Cobei(Pam, 1830). 



Illomrdea. See ALBATKOBB. 



Uiomede Islands, a group of three small 



islands (Fairway. Krunenatern. and RatmanofT) in 



llehring Strait, fitrniiny. as it were, Mepptng-i 



D Asia and America. 



