44 



FURST 



FUSE 



Bawdust and common butter, by which means the 

 pelt or leather is rendered supple ; the skin is 

 finished in dry sawdust, and beaten out. 



Certain furs, such as beaver (now to a limited 

 extent), nutria, hare, and rabbit, are used in the 

 manufacture of hats and other felted fabrics, for 

 which purposes the under-fur alone is retained ; 

 it is cut off from the pelt, separated from the 

 upper hair, and felted together by means of various 

 machinery (see HAT). 



Furst. See PRINCE. 



Furst, JULIUS, German Orientalist, was born of 

 Jewish parentage, 12th May 1805, at Zerkowo, in 

 Posen. Educated on the strictly orthodox rabbin- 

 ical and Hebrew literature, he felt constrained, on 

 proceeding to Berlin to study oriental languages and 

 theology in 1825, to discard the intellectual pabulum 

 of his fathers for the more stimulating results of 

 modern scientific investigation. In 1833 he settled 

 as privat-docent at Leipzig, and in 1864 became 

 professor of the Aramaic and Talmudic Languages, 

 a post he held down to his deatli on 9th February 

 1873. Among his numerous and useful writings 

 may be mentioned Lehrgebdiide der Aramdischen 

 Idiome (1835) ; a praiseworthy edition of Buxtorf's 

 Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance (1837-40); Die 

 Jiidischen Religions-philosophen des Mittelalters 

 (1845); Geschichte der Juden in Asien (1849); 

 Bibliotheca Judaica (1849-63); Hebruisches und 

 Chalddisches Handwbrterbuch ( 1851-54 ; translated 

 by Dr S. Davidson, 5th ed. 1885) ; and Geschichte 

 der Biblischen Liter at nr und des Judisch-Hellen- 

 ischen Schriftthums ( 1867-70). 



Fttrstenwalde, a town of Prussia, on the 

 Spree, 30 miles SE. of Berlin. There are important 

 breweries, a large nial ting-house, &c. Pop. (1875) 

 9688; (1885) 11,364; (1890) 12,934. 



Fiirtu, a manufacturing town of Bavaria, is 

 situated at the confluence or the Rednitz and the 

 Pegnitz, 5 miles NW. of Nuremberg by the earliest 

 German railway ( 1835 ). It is famous for its mirrors, 

 bronze colours, tinsel, lead pencils, combs, optical 

 instruments, metal toys, wares of beaten gold, 

 silver, and other leaf-metal, turnery wares, furni- 

 ture, stationery, and chicory. The town has also 

 some large breweries, and an extensive foreign 

 trade. Pop. (1875) 27,360 ; ( 1885) 35,320, of whom 

 4664 were Catholics and 3330 Jews; (1890) 43,206. 

 The town was burned to the ground in 1634 and 

 1680. It fell to Bavaria in 1806. 



Fury and Hecla Strait, in 70 N. lat., 

 separates Melville Peninsula from Cockburn Island, 

 and connects Fox Channel with the Gulf of 

 Boothia. It was discovered by Parry in 1822, and 

 named after his ships. 



Furze (Ulex), a European genus of very 

 branched and thorny shrubs, with linear sharply- 

 pointed leaves, solitary flowers, and two-lipped 

 calyx, belonging to the order Leguminosse, sub- 

 order Papilionaceae. The Common Furze ( U. 

 europceus), also called Whin and Gorse, is common 

 in many of the southern parts of Europe and in 

 Britain, although not reaching any considerable 

 elevation, and often suffering from the frost of 

 severe winters ; whereas in mild seasons its flowers 

 may be seen all winter, hence the old proverb, 

 ' Love is out of season when the furze is out 

 of blossom.' It is hence scarcely known in any of 

 the northern parts of the Continent ; and Linnreus 

 is said to have burst into exclamations of grateful 

 rapture when he first saw Wimbledon Common 

 covered with furze bushes glowing in the pro- 

 fusion of their rich golden flowers. Furze is 

 sometimes planted for hedges, but occupies great 

 breadth of ground without readily acquiring suf- 

 ficient strength ; nor is it thickened by cutting. 



It affords a wholesome fodder, especially when 

 young, or when its thorns are artificially bruised ; 



Fig. 1. Common Furze (Ulexeuropceus). 



it is also useful for sheep in winter, and on 

 this account is burned down to the ground by 

 sheep-farmers when its stems be- 

 come too high and woody, so 

 that a supply of green succulent 

 shoots may be secured. Furze 

 is also esteemed as a cover for 

 rabbits, foxes, &c. A double- 

 flowering variety is common in 

 gardens. A very beautiful variety 

 called Irish Furze ( U. strictus of 

 some botanists ) is remarkable for 

 its dense, compact, and erect 

 branches ; the Dwarf Furze ( U. 

 nanus) is perhaps also a mere 

 variety. 



The seedling whin is of interest 

 as bearing two or more ternate 

 leaves just after the cotyledons. 

 These are followed by simple 

 leaves, as in a shoot of broom, 

 and thereafter the characteristic 

 spiny leaves and branches soon 

 begin to appear (see fig. 2, and 

 compare those of seedlings in 

 ACACIA). 



Fiisaii or PUSAN, a port of Corea, on the SE. 

 shore of the peninsula, came from the 16th century 

 onwards more and more under Japanese influence. 

 In 1876 it was formally opened to Japanese trade, 

 and soon after to all nations. At the outbreak of 

 the war between Japan and China (1894-95) the 

 bulk of the population (6000) were Japanese, who 

 still ( though Russian influence begins to tell ) have 

 the trade in their hands. The imports (chiefly 

 Manchester goods, salt, and Japanese wares) have 

 an annual value of over 1,000,000 dollars ; the ex- 

 ports (rice, beans, hides, &c. ), of 1,300,000 dollars. 



Flisaro, LAKE OF, a small lake of Italy, 

 11 miles W. from Naples, called by the Romans 

 Acherusia Palus; it is near the site of the ancient 

 CuniflB, and during the Roman empire its banks 

 were studded with villas. Numerous remains of 

 massive buildings, houses, and tombs are still to be 

 seen in the neighbourhood. The water of the lake 

 is brackish. Oysters have been cultivated here 

 since the time of the Romans. 



Fuse, Fusee. See FUZE. 



Fig. 2. 



Seedling Furze : 

 , cotyledons ; 6, 

 first pair of leaves, 

 ternate ; c, suc- 

 ceeding leaves, 

 simple. 



