(JKKJKK 



GKILKlt 



123 



him a popularity- imperially among rulthated 

 women such its no poet f Germany has enjoyed 



sii the days of Uhland. An edition of his 



Geaanuniltf 1 1 '//. r was published at Stuttgart in 

 B rob (1 sx3 et seg.). See Lives by Gaedertz (1885) 

 and Lit/mann (1887). 



(iriifer. Am: \IIAM, a Jewish scholar, was born 

 uiktort-on-the-Main, May 24, 1810. Accord- 

 ing to <>lil rahliinirul practice, bis teachers were 

 In- I'.-uher and elder brother, till lie reached the age 

 nf eleven. After that he went to the gymnasium, 

 next to the universities of Heidelberg and Bonn, 

 lie-voting himself to philo-oph\ ami the oriental 

 languages. His pri/e essay, H'HH lint Mnliiiiium-il 

 iiii.il/i-ni .1 ni/i ntlinni niifijenomment was publiched 

 in 1 s:i:{. I n November 1832 he was called as rabbi to 

 Wiesbaden, and there he devoted himself with great 

 xi-.il and in a scientific spirit to Jewish theology, 

 especially in its relation to practical life. In 1835 

 In- joined with several able scholars in starting the 

 Zeitsckrift fur Judische Theologie. In 1838 he was 

 called as second rabbi to Breslau, and here he came 

 into serious conflict with the more conservative 

 .lows, but carried with him all men of learning 

 and thought. From 18(53" lie officiated as rabbi at 

 Frankfort, whence he was called in 1870 to Berlin. 

 Here he died, 23d October 1874, editing from 1862 

 till the last the Jiidische Zeitschrift. Of his many 

 hooks may be named his striking Urschrift und 

 Uebernetzungen der Bibel ( 1857), and the elaborate 

 history, Das Ji/denthum und seine Geschichte ( 1864- 

 65). An Allgeineine Einleituna, and 5 vols. of 

 .\ '/. lujelassene Schriften, were edited by his son in 

 1875.' See his Life by Screiber (Lobau, 1880). 



(eiger, LAZARUS, philologist, was born at 

 Frankfort, 21st May 1829, studied at Bonn, 

 Heidelberg, and Wiir/burg, and in 1861 became a 

 teacher in the Jewish school at Frankfort. He 

 died 29th August 1870. He wrote much on the 

 relation of language and thought, affirming that 

 without language man must have been without 

 reason. His principal works are Sprache imd, 

 Vernunft (1868-72), and Ursprung der Sprache 

 ( 1869 ; 2d ed. 1878 ). See Lives by Peschier ( 1871 ) 

 and Rosenthal (1883). 



Geijer, ERIC GUSTAF, Swedish historian, was 

 horn at Ransater, in Verrnland, January 12, 1783. 

 He was sent at sixteen to the university of Up- 

 sala, and in 1803 gained the pri/e awarded by the 

 Academy of Stockholm for tne best essay on the 

 Swedish administrator, Sten Sture. From this 

 period he devoted himself to the study of the 

 history of his native country. Beginning to 

 lecture at Upsala in 1810, he was shortly 

 afterwards nominated to a post in the office of 

 the National Archives; in 1815 he was elected 

 assistant-professor, and in 1817 professor of History 

 at Upsala. Geijer exercised a marked influence on 

 the poetic no less than on the historical literature 

 of Sweden. As early as 1810 he, along with 

 several friends, founded the Gothic Society, in 

 whose magazine, the Iduna, first appeared several 

 of Geijer's best poems, and the early cantos of 

 Tegner s frithiof. Great as is the value of Geijer's 

 historical works, he unfortunately did not complete 

 any one of the vast undertakings which he planned. 

 Thus, of the Soea Rikes Holder, or Records of 

 Sweden (1825), which were to have embraced the 

 history of his native country from mythical ages 

 t-> the present time, he finished only the intro- 

 ductory volume. This, however, is a thoroughly 

 good critical inquiry into the sources of legendary 

 Swedish history. His next great work. Stoniaia 

 Folkets Historia (3 vols. 1832-36), was not carried 

 beyond the death of Queen Christina. To 

 Geijer was entrusted the task of examining and 

 editing the papers which Gustavus III. had 



bequeathed to the university of Upnala with the 

 stipulation that they were not to be opened for 

 fifty yean after his death. They appeared in 

 1843-46. Geijer died at Stockholm, 23d April 

 1847. Of liis other historical and political work* 

 we need only mention Hiiecially The Condition of 

 Sweden from the Death of Charles XII. to the 

 Accession of Gustaous III. (1838), and Feudalism 

 and Republicanism (1844). Beside-, these lie edited 

 the continuation of Fant's Scriptores lteru/n . 

 carum Medii JEvi ( 1818-25), and Thorild's Samlade 

 xl.-riftfir ( 1819-25), arid, along with Afzelius, a col- 

 lection of Svenska Folkvisor (1814-16). During 

 the last ten years of his life Geijer took an active 

 part in politics; but, although his political writing^ 

 possess great merit, the very versatility of his 

 powers diverted him from applying them methodi- 

 cally to the complete elalioration or any one special 

 subject. He was also known to his countrymen 

 as a musician and composer of no mean order. His 

 collected works were published by his son, with 

 a biographical sketch ( 13 vols. 1849-56 ; new ed. 

 1873-75). 



Gelkie, SIR ARCHIBALD, geologist, born at Edin- 

 burgh in 1835, and educated at the High School 

 and^ university. In 1855 he was appointed to the 

 Geological Survey ; in 1867 became director to 

 the Survey in Scotland ; from 1870 to 1881 was 

 Murchison Professor of Geology in Edinburgh I'ni- 

 versity ; and in 1881 was appointed director- 

 general to the Survey of the United Kingdom, 

 being at the same time placed at the head of the 

 Museum of Practical Geology, London. He is the 

 author of Story of a Boulder ( 1858) ; Phenomena of 

 the Glacial Drift of Scotland ( 1863) ; The Scenery 

 of Scotland viewed in connection with its Physical 

 Geology (1865; 2d ed. 1887); Memoir of Sir It. 

 Murchison (1874); a Text-book of Geology (1882); 

 The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain (1897); 

 The Founders of Geology (1897) ; besides numerous 

 class-books, primers, &c. on geology. He was 

 knighted in 1891. His brother JAMES was born 

 at Edinburgh in 1839, and educated there. Having 

 served on the Geological Survey of Scotland from 

 1861 to 1882, he succeeded Archibald as Murchison 

 Professor of Geology in Edinburgh University. 

 He is the author of Tlie Great Ice Age in its 

 Relation to the Antiquity of Man ( 1874 ; 3d ed. 1894) ; 

 Prehistoric Europe ( 1881 ) ; Outlines of Geologi/ 

 (1886; 2d ed. 1888); a translation of Songs and 

 Lyrics by H. Heine and other German Poets ( 1887 ) ; 

 besides a large number of geological maps, sections, 

 and memoirs published by the Geological Survey ; 

 and he has written the geological articles for the 

 present edition of this work. He became F.R.S.E., 

 1871; F.R.S., 1875; LL.D. (St Andrews), 1877; 

 D.C.L. (Durham), 1889; and is a Fellow of many 

 learned societies at home and abroad. 



Geiler von Kaisersberg, JOHANNES, a 

 famous pulpit-orator of Germany, was born at 

 Schaffhausen, 16th March 1455, studied at Frei- 

 burg and Basel, and in 1478 became preacher in t In- 

 cathedral of Strasburg, where he died, 10th March 

 1510. Geiler von Kaisersberg was one of the most 

 learned and original men of his age ; his sermons, 

 usually composed in Latin and delivered in Ger- 

 man, are marked by great eloquence and earnest- 

 ness, nor do they disdain the aids of wit, sarcasm, 

 and ridicule. Of his writings, which_ have now 

 become 



Das Irriq Schaf (1510); Der Seel en Parodies 

 (1510); Dan Mt iff der Pan item und Biuswirkuny 

 (1514); Das Buck Granatapfel ( 1511 ) ; Christlichc 

 'uff :>nii Ku-itjfii Vtitfrland (1512); and 

 ' ('l515). See the studies by 



