<;KU>I:KI,\NI> 



(JKLUIS 



125 



printing pn>ces> a- employed h\ Mi is Cmipil of 

 and nl lids tin- world is indebted for cheap 

 aii<[ at I In- .-ami- time highly artistic copies of many 

 admirable pictures. It is further very extensively 

 used liy druggists for coating pills and nauseous 

 drug* ; and iy confectioners for some kinds of 

 sweetmeats. Chondrin, closely akin in composition 

 Mid propel tics in gelatine, is olitained by the action 

 of boiling water on cartilage. For gelatine as 

 food and in picture work, see DIET, ILLUSTRATION, 

 I'ni'io'iitAi'HY. See aUo GLUTEN, ISINGLASS. 



< 'nc of the qualities of gelatine is its power to 

 form chemical combinations with certain organic 

 matt ITS : hence, when it is mixed and dissolved in 

 a fluid containing sucli matters, it comhines, and 

 the compound is precipitated. It would appear 

 that this combination, however, is threadlike in its 

 arrangement, and that the crossing threads form a 

 line network through the fluid, which, in falling, 

 carries down all floating substances that by 

 their presence render the liquid cloudy ; hence its 

 it value in clarifying lner and other liquids, 

 this reason isinglass, which has been found the 



at gelatine for the purpose, is very largely con- 

 sumed by brewers. 



Various kinds of animal food are valued for the 

 abundance of gelatine they contain, as the Trepang 

 and Beche-de-Mer ( species of Holothuria), sharks' 

 tins, fish maws, ray-skins, elephant hide, rhinoceros 

 hide, and the softer parts, all of which are luxuries 

 amongst the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, 

 Vc. Turtle-shells, or the upper and lower parts of 

 the shield (carapace and plastron), constitute the 

 callinash and callipee of the epicure, and form, in 

 the hands of the experienced cook, a rich gelatinous 

 >u p. The fleshy parts of the turtle, calves' head 

 and feet, and many other things might be enumer- 

 ated as valuable chiefly in consequence of their 

 richness in this material!! 



Gelderland. See GUELDERLAND. 



(Hidiiini. a genus of Algte Floridece (see SEA- 

 \\KKIKS). G. cartilagineitm and the allied Graci- 

 lirhetioides are said to be utilised in the 

 building of the edible birds'-neats, so much prized 

 by the Chinese (see, however, EDIBLE BIRDS'- 

 M.sf). These and allied species are largely used 

 for food in the East, as yielding wholesome jellies. 



Cell. SIR WILLIAM, English antiquary and 

 domical scholar, was bora at Hopton in Derby- 

 shire in 1777. He was educated at Jesus College, 

 Cambridge, graduating in 1798, after which he held 

 for some time a fellowship at Emmanuel College. 

 He devoted his time principally to antiquarian 

 research and geographical studies, and published 

 works on the topography of Troy (1804), Pompeii 

 (4 vols. 1817-32), and Rome (1834); itineraries of 

 Greece (1810), the Morea( 1817), and Attica (1817), 

 as well as a book on the Geography and Antiqiiitics 

 of Ithaca (1808), and a Journey in the Morea 

 (1823). Of these works the best was that on 

 the antiquities and topography of Pompeii. For 

 some years after 1814 lie was one of the chamber- 

 lains of Caroline, consort of George IV. He died 

 at Naples, February 4, 1836. 



(cllert, or KILLHART, the famous dog of 

 Prince Llewellyn, which, left in charge of his 

 infant child, after a desperate battle killed a wolf 

 that had entered the house. The prince on his 

 return, seeing the cradle overturned and the floor 

 sprinkled with blood, thought the hound had 

 killed his child, and at once plunged his sword 

 into its side. A moment after he found the child 

 safe under the cradle and the wolf lying dead, and 

 saw too late the faithfulness of his dog. Gellert 

 was buried under a tomb which stands to this day 

 in the lovely village of Beddgelert, near the south 

 base of Snowdon. The story is the subject of a 



beautiful ballad by the Hon. William-Robert 

 Spencer ( 1 765)- 1834), second son of the fifth Karl of 

 Sundcrland, who became alno third Duke of Marl 

 lioroiigh. He was the father of two colonial 

 hishojiM, and the author of much fashionable poetry 

 long forgotten, with this one ballad that will not die. 

 Welshmen not only show the grave of the faith- 

 ful (ifllert, but fix 1205 as the date at which he 

 was given to the prince by his father-in-law. Un- 

 fortunately for them the story was long lieforo 

 current in Europe, with a snake instead of a wolf 

 as the enemy. It is the first tale in the oldest 

 Latin prose version of the Seven Wise Master*, 

 entitled: Dolopathos, written about 1184, and 

 nearly a century before (about 1090), it bad 

 existed in Syntipas, a Greek version of the Book 

 of Sindibdd, the eastern prototype of the Seven 

 Wise Masters. From the Latin Dolopathos, or 

 from oral tradition, the story was taken into sub- 

 sequent versions of the Wise Masters, and also into 

 the Gesta Itomanorum. It occurs also in the Liber 

 de Donis of Etienne de Bourbon, who tells us that the 

 grave was visited by the sick, and it reappears in the 

 Hwtoria Septem Sapientum Homo-, the parent of 

 Wynkyn de Worde's History of the Seven Wise 

 Masters of Rome ( 1505). The story of the Dog and 

 the Snake thus occurs in all the western group of the 

 Book of Sindibdd ; and of eastern texts or of ver- 

 sions derived from these, it is found in the Syriac, 

 Persian, Greek, Hebrew, Latin (John of Capua's 

 Directorium Humance Vitm), and the old Spanish 

 (translated from an old Arabic version now lost). 

 It does not occur in the modern Arabic version 

 ( the Seven Vazirs ), which is incorporated with the 

 Book of the Thousand and One Nights. In the 

 Sindibdd Ndma (written in 1374), a Persian metri- 

 cal version, a cat is substituted for a dog. Again, 

 in the Panchatantra version it is a mongoose or 

 ichneumon that kills the snake ; in the Hitopadesn 

 it is a weasel. Dr Beal has translated a version 

 from the Vinaya Pitaka of the Chinese Buddhist 

 books (412 A.D. ), itself said to be due to a much 

 older Indian original, supposed to date from over 

 200 B.C. This Dr Beal considers the oldest form 

 of the Panchatantra story. 'See vol. ii. of Popular 

 Tales and Fictions ( 1887), by W. A. Clouston, who 

 corrects some errors in the account in Baring- 

 Gould's Popular Myths of the Middle Ages. 



Gellert, CHRISTIAN FI)RCHTEGOTT, a German 

 poet and moralist, was born July 4, 1715, at Haini- 

 chen, in the Erzgebirge, Saxony, and was educated 

 at the university of Leipzig. After spending some 

 years in teaching, in 1751 he received a professorship 

 at Leipzig, where he lectured on poetry, eloquence, 

 and morals, to large and enthusiastic audiences, 

 until his death, 13th December 1769. His import- 

 ance in German literature is due to the fact that 

 around him gathered those who revolted against 

 the pedantries and frigid formalities of Gottsched 

 and his school, and thus pioneered the way for tin- 

 more brilliant reaction of Goethe and Schiller. 

 Gellert came to occupy this position partly on 

 account of his writings, but more on account of his 

 personal character. A man of sincere piety, a 

 moral enthusiast, and with a genuinely good kind 

 heart, he was beloved by his students, and they 

 carried his authority beyond the walls of his lecture- 

 room. His writings consist principally of Fabeln 

 und Erzahlnngen and Geistliche Lieder, both sets 

 great favourites from the simplicity and natural- 

 ness of their style, and, in the case of the latter, 

 their unaffected piety. His Sammtliche Werke 

 appeared in 10 vols. in 1769-74 ; new ed. 1867- See 

 his Life by Doring (1833). 



GellillS, AULUS, a Latin author, who flourished 

 in the 2d century of our era, and is supposed 

 to have been born at Rome, and to have studied 



