(.I.ADSTONE 



GLAMORGANSHIRE 



229 



iiml nt one time Ireland seemed to have come to 

 regard Mr Gladstone OH her worst enemy. Many a 

 -talesman in 1 1 i place might have allowed himself 

 t<> ),.- governed oy a feeling of disappointment 

 iiml resentment. But when the elections under 

 i In- new and extended Reform Bill were held, 

 and the Irish Nationalist party came back 87 

 nil-inhere out of the whole Irish representation 

 of 103, Mr Gladstone made up his mind that 

 the voice of the Irish j>eople was in favour of 

 Home. Rule, and he resolved to stake power and 

 popularity on an acceptance of their demand. In 

 M.m-li ISS6 he brought in a measure to give a 

 statutory parliament to Ireland. A sudden and 

 -lions split took place in his party; some of his 

 mo-t. influential colleagues declared against him ; 

 tin- hill was rejected on the second reading, and Mr 

 Gladstone appealed to the country, only to be 

 defeated at tne general election. The Conservative 

 party, with the help of the Liberals who had de- 

 clined to follow Mr Gladstone, came back into 

 power with a strong majority, Mr Gladstone lead- 

 ing the Opposition. At the general election of 

 1892 his party, including both sections of Irish 

 Nationalists, secured a majority of above forty 

 over the combined Conservatives and Liberal 

 Unionists. In 1893 his Home Rule Bill was 

 carried in the House of Commons in spite of the 

 strenuous opposition of the combined Unionist 

 sections, but was thrown out in the House of 

 Lords. Owing to the increasing infirmities of age, 

 especially impaired eyesight, the veteran states- 

 man resigned 3d March 1894, and was succeeded 

 by Lord Rosebery. He still took an interest in 

 public affairs ami "busied himself with literary work 

 in .January 1898 he published his reminiscences of 

 Arthur Hal (am ; but falling seriously ill, after some 

 months of su tiering borne with noble fortitude, he 

 lied at llawarden on the 19th May 1898. He was 

 buried in Westminster Abbey. 



Mr Gladstone's contributions toliterature, ranging 

 from ]K)litical pamphlets to Homeric studies (in- 

 cluding the article HOMER in this volume) and 

 theological treatises, would have made another 

 man's reputation ; but to the world they are inter- 

 esting chiefly as illustrating a marvellous and un- 

 resting mental activity. Probably no other English 

 minister has left behind him so long and so success- 

 ful a record of practical legislation ; some of the best 

 legislation accomplished by his political opponents 

 was his own work taken out or his hands. As a 

 parliamentary debater he never had a superior it 

 is doubtful whether he ever had an equal in the 

 whole of the political history of these countries. 

 There have been even in our own time orators who 

 now and then shot their arrows higher ; but so 

 ready, so skilful, and so unerring an archer as he, 

 taken all round, never drew bow on modern parlia- 

 mentary battle-ground. Nature had Driven him an 

 exquisite voice sweet, powerful, easily- penetrat- 

 ing, capable of filling without effort any public 

 building however large vibrating to every emotion. 

 The incessant training of the House of Commons 

 turned nature's gifts to their fullest account. He 

 was almost too fluent; his eloquence sometimes 

 carried him away on its impassioned tide ; but his 

 listeners were seldom inclined to find fault with this 

 magnificent exuberance. He was one of the greatest 

 orators, and the very greatest debater, of the House 

 of Commons. 



Among Mr Gladstone's works are The State in it* Rela- 

 tion* with the Church ( 1838) : A Manual of Prayers from 

 the Liturtiy ( 1845 ) ; Two Letter* on the State Persecution* 

 of the Neapolitan Government (1851) ; Studie* on Homer 

 and the Homeric Age (3 voK 1858) ; A Chapter of Auto- 

 biotjrapky (1868); Juventus Mundi (1HC>9); The Vatican 

 Decrees, bcarin>i on Civil AUeiiiancc (1874); Vaticanism 

 (1875); Homeric Synchronism (1876); Gleautttyg of Past 



Yean (7 voU. 1879) ; The Irish Quettvm ( 1886) ; a tran- 

 lation of Horace (IK'.M); and an edition of the Pmilter 

 with a Concordance ( 1895) -beside* innumerable article*, 

 a* already mentiom-il. There are Lave* by J. M'Uilchriat 

 (1W58), Burnett Smith (1879). Thoma* Archer (1888), O. 

 W. E. RiiKMdl (1H91 ), U.-Hi (compiled from letter* and 

 peeche*. 1894), Lucy ( IH'.J.')), Kobbmn ( 189fi), the prewent 

 writer ( 1894 and again in 1898), Sir K. Hamilton ( 1898), 

 Sir WI-IIIVMH Kc-id ( IMJW ). In 1900 Mr John Morley wa* 

 engaged < n tin; official life. 



tilagolitiC Alphabet, the ancient Slavonic 

 alphabet (see ALPHABET), older than the Cyrillic 

 alphabet (see CYRIL) by which it was superseded. 

 Both were derived from the Greek mmu-<-uli->. 



Glalrlne, another name for Baregine (q.v.). 



(ilaislirr. .1 \\IKS, meteorologist, was born in 

 London in 1809. When twenty years of age he 

 lii-^an to make meteorological oltservations as an 

 oliicer of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland. For 

 three years from 1833 he was employed in the 

 observatory at Cambridge, and in 1830 removed to 

 ( ; nwich, where four years later he became super- 

 intendent of the magnetical and meteorological 

 department of the Royal Observatory, a post wiiich 

 he held for thirty-four years. Since 1841 he has 

 prepared the annual and quarterly meteorological 

 reports issued by the registrar-general. Between 

 1862 and 1866 he made twenty-eight balloon ascents 

 for the purpose of studying the higher strata of the 

 atmosphere, on one occasion reaching a height 

 of over 7 miles (see Brit. Assoc. Itcp., 1862-66, and 

 BALLOON). Mr Glaisher was the founder of the 

 Royal Meteorological Society, and Itecame a Fellow 

 of the Royal Society in 1849. He has written 

 numerous works and papers on subjects relating 

 to astronomy and meteorology. In 1879-83 he 

 published a complement to Burckhardt and Dace's 

 Factor Tables. 



Glamorganshire (in Welsh, Gwlad Morgan ), 

 the most southerly of the counties of Wales, is 

 bounded S. and SW. by the Bristol Channel, NW. 

 by Caermarthen, N. by Brecknock, and E. by Mon- 

 mouth. Area, 855 sq. m. ; pop. (1801) 70,879; 

 (1841) 171,188; (1871) 397,859; (1881) 511.4.S3: 

 ( 1891 ) 687,147. This increase, which is unexampled 

 in the kingdom, has been brought about by the 

 development of the coal and iron industries. 

 In the western portion of the county the coast 

 is indented by Swansea Bay, from which it 

 projects westward into the peninsula of Gower. 

 The northern district is covered with rugged 

 hills, the highest of which, however, Llangemor, 

 is only 1859 feet in height. This district com- 

 prises one of the richest coalfields in the king- 

 dom. The southern portion of the county consists 

 of a series of fertile valleys, richly wooded and 

 with a mild climate, the finest being the Vale of 

 Glamorgan, the 'garden of Wales.' The soil is a 

 deep rich loam resting on limestone, and is excel- 

 lently adapted for the growth of cereals. The 

 mountainous district is intersected by numerous 

 picturesque valleys, affording good pasturage for 

 sheep and cattle. ' The chief rivers the Rhymney, 

 Tafl', Neath, Tawe, and Llwchwr flow southward 

 into the Bristol Channel. Besides coal, anthra- 

 cite or stone-coal, coking-coal, ironstone, ami 

 limestone are found. At Merthyr-Tydvil and 

 Dowlais are large ironworks ; at Swansea, Neath, 

 Aleravon, large copper-smelting works. Tin and 

 lead are also smelteu in the county. Wheat, bar- 

 ley, oats, and potatoes are the chief crops raised ; 

 aiid butter and cheese are largely produced. The 

 farms are generally small, and agriculture is not 

 in a highly advanced state. The county sends five 

 m ('miters to parliament ; the represented boroughs 

 are Merthyr-Tvdvil (with two), Swansea town 

 (two), and the Cardiff boroughs (one). Glamorgan- 

 shire contains some interesting Roman remains, 



