250 



GLAUCHAU 



GLEBE 



quantity from common salt and oil of vitriol, with 

 the view of being afterwards converted into car- 

 bonate of soda (see SODA). For medical use a 

 purer form is required. The salt which remains 

 after the distillation of hydrochloric acid this salt 

 being sulphate of soda contaminated with free 

 sulphuric acid is dissolved in water, to which is 

 added powdered white marble ( carbonate of lime ), 

 to neutralise the free acid, and to precipitate it as 

 an insoluble sulphate ; the solution is boiled down 

 till a pellicle appears, is strained, and set aside to 

 crystallise. 



It is used as a common purgative, and is 

 especially applicable in fevers and inflammatory 

 affections, when it is necessary to evacuate the 

 bowels without increasing or exciting febrile dis- 

 turbance. The usual dose is from half an ounce 

 to an ounce ; but if it is previously dried, so as 

 to expel the water of crystallisation, it becomes 

 doubly efficient as a purgative. It is now much 

 less frequently used in domestic medicine than 

 formerly, having given place to milder aperients. 



Glauchail, the second in rank of the manu- 

 facturing towns of the kingdom of Saxony, is 

 picturesquely situated on the light bank of the 

 Mulde, 20 miles W. of Chemnitz by rail. The 

 town is the centre of the woollen-weaving in- 

 dustry, woollen goods to the value of 2,000,000 

 being exported annually. There are also dye- 

 works, print-works, iron-foundries, and carpet, 

 paper, and machine factories. Pop. (1834) 6292; 

 (1885) 21,661 ; ( 1890) 23,405. See Eckardt, Chronik 

 von Glauchau (Glau. 1880-81). 



GlailCO'ma ( Gr. glaukos, 'sea-green,' on account 

 of a greenish colour sometimes seen in the pupil), 

 a disease of the Eye (q.v. ). 



GlailCUS, the name of several figures in Greek 

 mythology. ( I ) Son of Hippolochus and grandson 

 of Bellerophontes, commander of the Lycians in 

 the Trojan war, slain by Ajax. He was connected 

 witli Diomedes by ties of hospitality, and when 

 they met in battle they forbore to fight with one 

 another, exchanging arms instead. (2) Son of 

 Minos of Crete and Pasiphae, smothered when a boy 

 by falling into a cask of honey. The soothsayer, 

 Polyidus of Argos, unable to bring him back to 

 life, was buried with him, but saved by a serpent 

 which revealed a herb effective for the purpose. 

 (3) A fisherman of Anthedon in Bceotia, who 

 became a sea-god by eating part of a herb which 

 Cronos had sown. Every year he visited all the 

 coasts of Greece, attended by a train of maiine 

 monsters, and giving forth oracles to which it 

 behoved fishermen and mariners especially to 

 attend. 



GlaucilS, a genus of nudibranch Gasteropods, 

 inhabiting the warmer parts of the Atlantic and 

 Pacific oceans. The 

 body is long, slender, 

 gelatinous, furnished 

 with three pairs of 

 lateral outgrowths with 

 numerous fine processes. 

 The mouth has the 

 usual horny jaws, 

 adapted for preying 

 on other small marine 

 animals ; the antennae 

 or ' horns ' are incon- 

 spicuous. These small 

 molluscs about an 

 inch and three-quarters 

 long, of a blue colour, and extremely delicate and 

 beautiful, float inertly with irregular movements of 

 their slender appendages on the surface of the 

 water. For the nature of the outgrowths, &c., see 

 NUDIBRANCHS. 



Glaucus atlanticus. 



Glaux, a genus of Primulacese, without corolla. 

 G. maritima, sometimes called 

 Sea Milkwort and Black Salt- 

 wort, is common on muddy soils 

 along sea-coasts of northern 

 Europe. It was formerly used 

 in soda-making. It is readily 

 eaten by cattle, and is said to 

 enhance the yield of milk from 

 its succulent leaves. It is also 

 pickled. 



Glaze. See POTTERY. 



Gleaning. In conformity 

 with the positive command con- 

 tained in the Mosaic law to leave 

 the gleanings of the harvest to 

 the poor and to the stranger 

 (Lev. xix. 9 and xxiii. 22-), 

 there has been almost every- 

 where a popular feeling to the 

 effect that the farmer was not 

 entitled to prevent the poor 

 from gathering what the reaper 

 had left behind. In England the 

 custom of gleaning had very 

 nearly passed into a legal right, 

 for in an extra-judicial dictum Sea Milkwort 

 of Lord Hale it is said that those (Glaux maritima). 

 who enter a field for this pur- 

 pose are not guilty of trespass, and Blackstone 

 seems disposed to .adopt his opinion ; but the 

 Court of Common Pleas has since decided that the 

 public cannot claim the privilege as a right. The 

 custom still exists in England, though it is 

 often restricted to the wives and children of the 

 harvesters. In Scotland the law has decided that 

 the poor possess no right to glean, and that the 

 farmer may exclude them from his fields. 



Glebae Adscript! (Lat., 'attached to the 

 soil ' ) from the 4th century onwards were in the 

 Roman empire the cultivators of the soil, who, 

 though personally free, were inseparably attached 

 to the land they cultivated. They paid a fixed 

 rent in kind to the owner of the domain, and, when 

 he retained any land in his own hands, they were 

 generally under the obligation to render him free 

 a determinate amount of labour to till it. If the 

 land was sold, they still remained attached to it. 

 The Helots ( q. v. ) of Sparta were also glebce adscripti. 



Glebe ( Lat. qleba, ' a clod or lump of earth ' ), 

 the land belonging to an ecclesiastical benefice, or 

 from which the revenues of the benefice arise. The 

 assignment of glebe-lands was formerly held to be of 

 such absolute necessity that without them no church 

 could be regularly consecrated. The fee-simple of 

 the glebe is held by the law of England to be in 

 abeyance that is to say, without an owner, in con- 

 templation of law ; but after induction the free- 

 hold of the glebe is in the parson, and he possesses 

 most of the powers of a proprietor, with the 

 exception of the power of alienation. The quantity 

 of land to be assigned is not fixed by any general 

 rule of law ; and the glebe-lands of the parochial 

 clergy vary considerably in extent. Previous to 

 the Reformation the clergy possessed certain powers 

 of alienation at common law ; and if a bishop with 

 the a.ssent of his chapter, or an abbot with the 

 assent of his convent, or the like, alienated glebe- 

 lands, the deed would not have been void, because 

 the fee-simple was in the holder of the benefice for 

 the time being ; but by 1 Eliz. chap. 19, and other 

 statutes of the same reign, all grants, feoffments, 

 conveyances or other estates shall be utterly void 

 and of none effect, notwithstanding any consent or 

 confirmation whatsoever. Subsequent statutes pre- 

 scribe and regulate the modes in which glebe-lands 

 may be dealt with. Power has been given to 



