252 



GLENCORSE 



GLENLIVET 



who saw it both in rain and in sunshine, and calls 

 it ' the very valley of the shadow of death ; ' and 

 this by Charles Dickens ( 1841 ) : ' Glericoe itself is 

 perfectly terrible. The pass is an awful place. It 

 is shut in on each side by enormous rocks, from 

 which great torrents come rushing down in all 

 directions. In amongst these rocks, on one side 

 of the pass (the left as we came from Kingshouse), 

 there are scores of glens high up, which form such 

 haunts as you might imagine wandering in in the 

 very height and madness of a fever. They will 

 live in my dreams for years.' 



In 1691 the Edinburgh authorities issued a 

 proclamation exhorting the clans to submit to 

 William and Mary, and offering pardon to all 

 who before 31st December would swear to live 

 peaceably under the government. All the chiefs 

 submitted except M'lan, the head of the Mac- 

 donalds of Glencoe, whose submission was delayed 

 by unforeseen causes till 6th January 1692. The 

 magistrate before whom he took the oath of allegi- 

 ance transmitted a certificate to the Council at Edin- 

 burgh, explaining the circumstances of the case. 

 However, on 16th January, King William signed 

 an order, ending : ' If M'Ean of Glencoe and that 

 trybe can be well separated from the rest, it will 

 be a proper vindication of the public justice to 

 extirpate that sect of thieves.' So on 1st February 

 120 soldiers Campbells mostly, and commanded 

 by Captain Campbell of Glenlyon marched to 

 Glencoe, and, telling the natives that they came 

 as friends, and merely wanted quarters, for twelve 

 days lived in the glen. Glenlyon, while visiting 

 daily at the chief's house, employed himself in 

 observing every pass by which escape was possible, 

 and reported * the result of his observations to 

 Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton, who was approach- 

 ing from Fort- William with 400 more troops. The 

 13th was fixed for the massacre, and on the night 

 of the 12th Glenlyon was supping and playing at 

 cards with those whom he purposed to butcher. 

 At five in the morning the murderous work began, 

 and day broke on thirty-eight corpses, including 

 those of at least one woman, an old man of 

 seventy, and a boy of four. But, Hamilton not 

 having come up in time, the passes were open, 

 and some 150 men, and probably as many women, 

 escaped in many cases only to perish from cold 

 and hunger among the snow in the high mountain- 

 gorges. The huts were fired, and then the troops 

 marched away, taking with them a thousand head 

 of cattle and sheep and horses. 



The prime movers of this deed of infamy were a 

 Lowland statesman and a Highland chief, Sir John 

 Dalrymple, Master (and afterwards Viscount and 

 first Earl) of Stair, and John Campbell, Earl of 

 Breadalbane. The one was actuated by chagrin 

 at the failure of his scheme for pacifying the High- 

 lands, the other by personal animosity. As for 

 King William, Macaulay pleads that M'lan's sub- 

 mission had been kept from him, that he knew the 

 Macdortalds only as thieves and rebels, and that 

 by ' extirpation ' he certainly never meant them to 

 be murdered in their sleep. Anyhow, a royal com- 

 mission (1695) found that his instructions 'ottered 

 no warrant for the measure ; ' and there the affair 

 ended. In 1884 a monument was erected to mark 

 the scene of the massacre. See the histories of 

 Macaulay and Hill Burton, and Paget's Paradoxes 

 and Puzzles ( 1874). 



Glencorse. See PENICUIK. 



Glencroe, an Argyllshire glen descending 4J 

 miles south-eastward to Loch Long, 2 miles SW. 

 of Arrochar. At its head is a stone seat inscribed 

 ' Rest and be thankful.' 



Glendaloilgh, a valley in Wicklow county, 15 

 miles SW. of Bray, with fine scenery and remark- 



able ruins. It became a seat of religion with St 

 Kevin in the 6th century ; and some of the ruined 

 'seven churches,' as well as the round tower (110 

 feet high), may date from the 7th century. 



Glendower, or GLENDWR, OWEN, a Welsh 

 chief who headed the struggle of the Welsh for 

 the recovery of their independence in the reign of 

 Henry IV. of England, was descended from Lle- 

 welyn, the last Prince of Wales, and was born 

 in Montgomeryshire about 1354. He was made 

 esquire of the body to Richard II., and remained 

 with him until his deposition by Henry IV. in 

 1399, after which he retired into private life. 

 Shortly after the accession of the new king part 

 of Glendower's lands were seized by his neighbour, 

 Lord Grey of Ruthin. Thereupon the Welshman, 

 being unable to obtain redress from the English 

 king, took up arms in his own cause, and in 1400 

 seized the estates of Lord Grey. The king ordered 

 his subjugation, and granted his estates to his 

 brother, the Earl of Somerset. Then for two years 

 Glendower carried on a guerilla warfare against the 

 English marchers, backed up at times by the forces 

 of Henry himself. In 1402 he drew Lord Grey into 

 an ambush, and took him prisoner. In this same 

 year Sir Edmund Mortimer was also captured by 

 Glendower in a battle in which 1100 of Mortimer s 

 followers were left dead upon the field. Both Grey 

 and Mortimer married daughters of the Welsh 

 chieftain (now formally proclaimed Prince of 

 Wales), and with him formed the coalition with 

 Harry Percy (Hotspur) against Henry of England. 

 That coalition ended in the battle of Shrewsbury, 

 in July 1403, in which the English king gained 

 a decisive victory, Hotspur being amongst the 

 slain. In June of the following year Glendower 

 entered into a treaty with Charles VI. of France, 

 who in 1405 sent a force to Wales to act against 

 the English. Meantime, in the spring of 1405, 

 Glendower had been twice severely defeated by 

 Prince Henry (V.) of England. The Welsh prince 

 nevertheless kept up a desultory warfare oaring 

 the remaining years of his life. He never submitted 

 to English rule, and is believed to have died peace- 

 fully in Monmouthshire after 1416. The popular 

 idea of him is presented in Shakespeare s King 

 Henry IV. See the works cited at HENRY IV. 



Glenelg is a shallow river of Australia, rising 

 in the Victorian Grampians, and entering the 

 Southern Ocean at the boundary between South 

 Australia and Victoria, after a course of 281 miles. 

 Glenelg. See GRANT (CHARLES). 

 Gleilfinnan, a Highland glen in Inverness- 

 shire, 18 miles W. of Fort- William. Here, on 19th 

 August 1745, the clans gathered under Prince 

 Charles Edward's banner, and here in 1815 was 

 erected to his memory a tower bearing an in- 

 scription in Gaelic, Latin, and English. 



GlengarifT, a village of County Cork, at the 

 head of the island-dotted Glengariff Harbour, an 

 inlet of Ban try Bay, and at the foot of a mountain 

 glen, much frequented by tourists. 



GlengarilOCk, an Ayrshire village, with iron- 

 works, 3 miles NNE. of' Dairy. Pop. 162S. 



Glengarry, a Highland glen in west Inverness- 

 shire, through which the Garry winds 19 miles 

 eastward, from Loch Quoich to Loch Oich, 8 miles 

 SW. of Fort Augustus. It was the home of the 

 Macdonnells from the beginning of the 16th century. 

 The last chief, who died in 1828, is considered to 

 have been the prototype of Fergus Maclvor in 

 Waverley. There is "another Glengarry, in the 

 north-west of Perthshire, traversed by the Highland 

 Railway. Its Garry River falls into the Tummel. 

 For the Glengarry Cap, see BONNET. 



Glenlivet, the valley in Banffshire of Livet 

 Water, which runs 14 miles north-westward till, at 



