254 



GLOBE-FLOWER 



GLOMMEN 



greatly in size and number in the different species. 

 In some they are movable, and are erected with 

 the distension of the body. Darwin, in an account 

 of one species (D. antennatus), says that it can 

 secrete from the skin of its belly, when handled, a 

 most beautiful carmine-red substance, which stains 

 ivory or paper permanently. He also states that a 

 Diodon has frequently been found floating, alive 

 and distended, inside the stomach of a shark, and 

 that one has even been known to eat its way 

 through the sides of the monster, thus causing its 

 death. Many of the globe-fishes are highly poison- 

 ous, the poison varying in intensity in different 

 individuals, in different localities, and at different 

 times of the year. The food of these fishes con- 

 sists of corals, molluscs, and crustaceans, for break- 

 ing which their hard beaks are well adapted. 

 Nearly related to the Tetrodontina are the Trio- 

 donts (to which the name globe-fish might also be 

 extended) and the pelagic Sun-fishes (q.v.). All 

 are included in the family Gvmnodontes. See 

 Giinther, Study of Fishes (Edin."l880). 



Globe-flower (Trollius), a small palsearctic 

 genus of Ranunculacese, with a globe of large showy 

 sepals enclosing the small inconspicuous linear 

 petals. The common yellow globe-flower ( T. euro- 

 pceus ; Scottice Luckengowan ) is one of the finest 

 ornaments of moist grounds in elevated districts of 

 northern Europe and in the Alps. It is cultivated 

 in flower-gardens. The orange globe-flower (T. 

 asiaticus) is also common in gardens. 



Globes. A globe is a round or spherical body 

 (see SPHERE), and in the singular number the word 

 is often used to signify the earth, as in the phrase, 

 ' the terraqueous globe;' but by 'globes,' or 'the 

 globes,' we usually mean a pair of artificial globes 

 used as a part of school-room apparatus. These 

 globes are usually hollow spheres of card-board, 

 coated with a composition of whiting, glue, and 

 oil, upon which paper bearing certain delineations 

 is laid. On one of the pair the celestial globe 

 are represented the stars, so placed that, to an eye 

 supposed to observe them from the centre of the 

 globe, their relative position and distance corre- 

 spond to those actually observed ; while on the 

 terrestrial globe the distribution of land and 

 water, the divisions and subdivisions of the former, 

 together with a few of the most important places, 

 are laid down in the positions corresponding to those 

 which they actually occupy on the surface of the 

 earth. 



Globes of india-rubber and gutta-percha have also 

 been made, and others of thin paper, to be inflated 

 and suspended in a school-room. Betts's paper globes 

 fold up when not in use. Embossed glolbes show, in 

 exaggerated relief, the elevations and depressions 

 of the earth's surface. Compound globes, including 

 the celestial and terrestrial, are made with an outer 

 glass sphere for the celestial, and orrery mechanism 

 to show the varying relative positions of the sun and 

 moon, &c. As school-room apparatus, globes are 

 used for the purpose of illustrating the form and 

 motion of the earth, the position and apparent 

 motion . of the fixed stars, and for the mechanical 

 solution of a number of problems in geography and 

 practical astronomy. For this purpose each globe 

 is suspended in a brass ring of somewhat greater 

 diameter, by means of two pins exactly opposite to 

 each other these pins forming the extremities of 

 the axis round which it revolves, or the north and 

 south poles. This brass circle is then let into a 

 horizontal ring of wood, supported on a stand, as 

 represented in the article ARMILLARY SPHERE ; in 

 which the lines drawn on the surface of globes are 

 also explained. The globes in common use in 

 schools are 12 inches in diameter ; those found in 

 private libraries are more frequently 18 inches. 



The earliest globe made in England was that by 

 Molyneux in 1592, of which an example is still in 

 the library of the Middle Temple. 



At the Paris Exhibition of 1889 one of the exhibits 

 was a globe ingeniously designed to show on a 

 realisable scale the proportions of the earth. The 

 globe is on the scale of one millionth of the earth in 

 all respects. The circumference is 40 metres, that 

 of the earth being 40,000 kilometres ; the diameter 

 12 '732 metres, corresponding to the 12,732 kilo- 

 metres of the earth's diameter ; and accordingly 

 a metre on the globe represents 1000 kilometres on 

 the earth's surface. The flattening at the poles, 

 which would have amounted to but 21 millimetres, 

 has been disregarded in this globe as being inap- 

 preciable. For the same reason the irregularities 

 of the earth's surface are only indicated on the globe 

 by colour, like the other features. The globe, the 

 framework of which is solidly built of iron and 

 wood, is capable of being put in motion. The 

 globe in Leicester Square, London ( 1851-61 ), was 60 

 feet 4 inches in diameter. 



Globigeri'na, an important genus of Foramin- 

 ifera (q.v.), the shells of which form a great part 

 of the calcareous ooze or mud found in the bed of 

 the ocean, just as they have formed in the past a 

 large percentage (sometimes 90 per cent.) of chalk- 

 deposits. See OOZE. 



Globulins are a group of Proteid (q.v.) sub- 

 stances closely allied to Albumen (q.v. ; and see 

 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY ), but differing from it in that 

 they are not soluble in water unless it contain a 

 small proportion of a neutral salt, such as common 

 salt, and that they are precipitated by carbonic acid, 

 and (except vitellin) by a saturated solution of 

 common salt. The most important globulins which 

 occur in animal tissues are : globulin (proper) or 

 crystallin, in the crystalline lens of the eye ; fibrino- 

 plastin or paraglobulin and fibrinogen, in blood, 

 serous fluids, &c. ; myosin, in muscle ; vitellin, in 

 the yolk of egg. Precisely similar bodies occur 

 also in the vegetable kingdom. 



Globlllite, the name given by Vogelsang to 

 minute Crystallites (q.v.) having a spherical, drop- 

 like form. See IGNEOUS ROCKS. 



Globus Hystericus, or BALL IN THE 

 THROAT, the name applied to a peculiar sensa- 

 tion described under HYSTERIA. 



Glockner, or GROSS-GLOCKNER, the highest 

 peak of the Noric Alps, is situated on the boundary 

 between Tyrol, Carinthia, and Salzburg, and is 

 12,458 feet in height. 



Glogail, or GROSS-GLOGAU, a town and fortress 

 in Prussian Silesia, on the left bank of the Oder, 60 

 miles NNW. of Breslau by rail. It is an important 

 centre of trade, and has wool markets of some note. 

 Manufactures of agricultural implements, pottery, 

 tobacco, sugar, &c. are carried on. There is also 

 a cartographical institute. Pop. (1875) 18,062; 

 (1895) 21,836, including a garrison of above 

 3000 men. Glogau was a prosperous fortified town 

 in the llth century. From 1252 till 1476 it was 

 the capital of a duchy, transferred then to 

 Bohemia. The town suffered severely during the 

 Thirty Years' War, and was besieged in 1741, 1806, 

 and 1813-14. See its History by Berndt (2 vols. 

 Glog. 1879-82). 



Gloinmen, or STOR-ELV ( i.e. ' great river ' ), the 

 largest river in Norway, issues from Lake Aursund, 

 at 2339 feet above sea-level, and winds 350 miles 

 southward to the Skager Rack at Frederikstad. Its 

 course is interrupted by frequent waterfalls, the 

 last, with a descent of 74 feet, being the Sarpsfos, 

 7 miles from the mouth. Its drainage basin 

 measures 15,926 sq. m. It is only navigable a 

 few miles above and below Sarpsfos. Its most 



