GLORIA 



250 



important affluent in the Vonuen from Luke MjOsen 

 on th<- ri^ht. 



Gloria. See DOXOLOGY. 



Gloriosu, 11 genus of Liliaceit', of which the 

 best-known .species, <;. *///*<, a native of In<liu, 

 is a herbaceous perennial with a weak stem, alter- 

 nate simple leaves, terminating in tendrils, and very 

 beautiful ili i\\ei-s, finely coloured with red and 

 yellow. The runt stock i^ poisonous, but is washed 

 I'm- MS starrh, like manioc. 



(loss (Gr. iftynfiii, 'language'), an explanation 

 of such dimenlttei in a text as are merely verbal, 

 and not relating to the matter itself. The word 

 \\.i- originally applied to any obsolete, foreign, 

 provincial, dialect, or technical word, or use of 

 a word, collections of such being called gloxsni. 

 In tin- Alexandrian period these became common, 

 their subjects the works of Homer and other early 



I ts. Of such glo:,sarians may be named 1'hiletus 



of Cos, Xeiiodotns. Aristophanes of Byzantium, 

 Aristarehns, Crates of Mallos, Apion, yElms Herod - 

 ianns, llesychius, Photius, Zonaras, and Suidas. 

 MOM of the Rabbinical writers have done the 

 same work for the Hebrew text ; so that it 

 would be difficult to name any in particular as 

 Hebrew ^los-atores. The chief glossatores of the 

 Latin Vulgate are the celebrated Walafridus 

 Strabus, in the 9th century, and Anselm of Laon, 

 who continued VValafried's work (circa 1100). In 

 Homan and canon law the practice of introducing 

 glosses was of early origin, and probably was an 

 imitation of the biblical glosses. Among jurists 

 the gloss was not purely verbal, but regarded the 

 true interpretation of the law, and in some cases it 

 was held to be of equal authority with the text 

 itself. From the position which it occupied in 

 the MS., being generally written between the 

 lines of the text and on the margin, it was called 

 glossa interlinearis. The gloss or the Roman law 

 is written in very pure Latinity, that of the canon 

 law in the Latinity of the medieval school. 



(ilossi'tis. inflammation of the Tongue (q.v.). 



GIossop, a market-town of Derbyshire, amid 

 bleak but picturesque hills, 13 miles ESE. of Man- 

 chester, and 24 WNW. of Sheffield. It is the 

 chief seat of the cotton manufacture in Derbyshire, 

 and has also woollen and paper mills, dyeing, 

 bleaching, and print works, and iron-foundries. 

 Near it is Glossop Hall, the seat of Lord Howard 

 of Glossop. The town was incorporated in 1866. 

 Pop. (1871) 17,046; (1881) 19,574. ; (1891)22,414. 



< losxoprt r;r. once much-debated fossils, now 

 known to be sharks' teeth. See SHARK. 



4 Jot t is. See LARYNX. 



Glottology, a word proposed by Professor 

 Sayce in 1874 as an alternative for Comparative 

 Philology. 



Gloucester, the capital of Gloucestershire, a 

 parliamentary and county borough, is pleasantly 

 situated on the left bank of the Severn, which here 

 becomes tidal. It is 114 miles by rail (by road 

 106) WNW. of London, 38 NNE. of Bristol, and 

 .V, SSW. of Birmingham. The L'nrriflnn! of the 

 Britons, and (ilffmn of the Romans, \\lm-e cruci- 

 form ground-plan survives in the four main streets, 

 Gleaiiunceastre or Gloucester was the seat succes- 

 sively of a nunnery (681 ), a monastery (821 ), and a 

 great Benedictine abbey (1022). The last was 

 suppressed in 1539 ; and its church two years later 

 became the cathedral of the new see of Gloucester 

 a see conjoined with Bristol in 1836, but disunited 

 in 1897, Bristol becoming again a separate see. 

 Among its thirty-one holders have been the martyr 

 Hooper, the Romanising Goodman (1625-56), War- 

 burton, and Ellicott. Built between 1088 and 1498, 

 and restored since 1853 by Mr Walter and Sir G. 



C. Scott, the cathedral measure* 420 feet by 

 144 across the tranwept, and though nubHtanti 

 ally Norman crypt, chapter- house, and the in- 

 terior of the nave are Norman in general char- 

 acter is Perpendicular. It* pinnacled central 

 tower ( I4."i7) rise- 225 feet, and contains the 'Great 

 Peter' l>ell, weighing 3 ton* 2 cwt. Other note- 

 worthy features are the lofty round piers f ''' 

 nave, the east window (the largest in England 72 

 by 3H feet) with its splendid stained glass of 135O, 

 the bog-oak efligy of Kolx-rt of Normandy, the 

 exquisite canopied' shrine of Edward II., the. statue 

 of Jenner, and a group by Flaxman, the lierne 

 vaulting of choir and Lady chapel, the ' whispering 

 gallery in the triforimn, and the matchless fan- 

 vaulted cloisters (1351-1412; see FAN-TRACERY). 

 At Gloucester alternately with Worcester and 

 Hereford are held the festivals of the ' Three 

 Choirs.' A new episcopal palace was built in 1862; 

 the picturesque deanery is the old prior's lodge ; 

 and other buildings are the 12th-century West 

 Gate, the New Inn (built alnmt 1450 for pilgrims), 

 the Tolsey or guild-hall, the shire-hall (1816), the 

 iiilhmary (1755), the county lunatic asylum ( 1823), 

 the King's or College school, the Crypt grammar- 

 school, the Blue-coat hospital, and a theological 

 college. There is a cross (1863) to Hooper, and a 

 statue (1880) of Raikes, the founder of Sunday 

 schools ; in the public park is a chalybeate spring, 

 which was discovered in 1814. Cloth-working, pin- 

 making, and bell-founding all belong to the past ; 

 and the commerce of Gloucester is now more im- 

 portant than its manufactures chemicals, soap, 

 matches, railway plant, shipbuilding, &c. The 

 Gloucester and Berkeley Canal, completed in 1827 

 at a cost of 500,000, is described in Vol. II. p. 699. 

 The numtier of vessels entering the port has almost 

 trebled during the last thirty years; the imports 

 include corn and timber, the exports agricultural 

 produce and the minerals of the Forest of Dean. 

 Since 1885 Gloucester has returned only one mem- 

 ber. Pop. (1841) 14,152; (1871, as extended) 

 31,844; (1891)39,444. Often visited by royalty, 

 from the Conqueror's time to Victoria's, Glonee-ter 

 was also the meeting-place of eight parliaments. 

 In the Great Rebellion (1643) it held out success- 

 fully against Charles I. till Essex relieved it. 

 Among its natives have been (doubtfully) Robert 

 of Gloucester, whose metrical chronicle (1271) was 

 edited in 1888 by Mr Aldis Wright; Taylor, the 

 water-poet; Whitfield, Raikes, and Wheatstone. 

 See works by Rudder (1781), Britton (1829), F. 

 Bond (1848), and \Valler (1856); also Murray's 

 Western Cathedrals (new ed. 1874). 



Gloucester, a port of entry of Massachusetts, 

 on the south side of Cape Ann peninsula, 28 miles 

 NNE. of Boston, with which it is connected by rail, 

 and with an excellent harliour. Its industries 

 are chiefly connected with the cod and mackerel 

 fisheries, which employ several thousand men ; but 

 it has also a large trade in the granite quarried 

 here, and manufactures of anchors and railroad 

 iron, besides the building of schooners and fishing- 

 boats, and the import of salt, coal, and lumber from 

 Europe and Canada. Gloucester was incorporated 

 as a town in 1642, and made a city in 1874. Pop. 

 (1880) 19,329; (1890)24,651 ; (1900)26,121. 



Gloucester ity, a city of New .Jersey, on 

 the Delaware, below Camden and opposite Philadel- 

 phia, with which cities it has frequent communica- 

 tion by steamboat and rail. It contains ironworks 

 and several cotton-factories. Pop. ( 1900 ) 6840. 



Gloucester, DUKES AND EARLS OF. (1) 

 ROBERT, Earl of Gloucester (died 1147), a natural 

 son of Henry I., the principal supporter of htt 

 sister Matilda and her son Henry in their con- 

 test against Stephen for the English throne. (2) 



