GODOY 



GODWIN 



271 



between England and Scotland, which was indeed 



ell'ecti-il IM-I he laid down the stall' of ollice. 



AH Hailey's friend and relative, Mrs Mashani, 

 crept further and further into the go<wl graces 

 of Anne, Harley himself began to prove moiv 

 and more a thorn in the ll'--li to Godolphin. 

 At length the latter, to prevent his own over 

 throw, const rained Amu- to dismiss Harley. Godol 

 pliin's behaviour at this juncture, and his atti- 

 tuile towards the sovereign, mark the transition 

 limn the old order of things, when the king (or 

 queen) appointed his own ministers, and dismissed 

 tin-in, according as he thought lit, and the new 

 order of things, under which the ministers are 

 appointed by the chief adviser of the crown. And 

 tlu-y likewise foreshadow the methods of party 

 government which txx>k (inner shape later on in 

 the century. Hut the dismissal of Harley was 

 the prelude to his own ; for, the influence of Mrs 

 Masham continuing to increase, and the power 

 ni Harley to grow in a corresponding degree, 

 Godolphin's necessarily diminished, and on 8th 

 November 1710 he was curtly dismissed by Anne. 

 He only survived about two years, dying on 15th 

 September 17 12 at Holy well House, Marluorough's 

 seat, near St A I bans. He was married for three 

 years (1675-78) to Margaret Blague, the excellent 

 lady whom Evelyn knew, and whose life he wrote. 

 Godolphin was neither a brilliant man, nor an 

 eloquent speaker, nor a great statesman ; but rather 

 a sagacious, cautious, very able administrator. He 

 was not a man of strong political bias, and in his 

 day it must be remembered political parties were 

 not what they are at the present time. As an 

 excellent official of the Treasury he doubtless saw 

 no reason why he could not serve equally well 

 whoever happened to be master of the land for the 

 time being. At all events, he was an incorruptible 

 official, though .some have doubted whether he was 

 not a double-dealing politician, and some have 

 indeed accused him of being such. In private life, 

 at least in his later years, he was fond of horse- 

 racing and gay life. See the Hon. Hugh Elliot, 

 Life of Sidney, Earl Godolphin (1888). 

 Godoy. See ALCUDIA. 



God save the King. See NATIONAL 

 HYMNS. 



God's Truce. In the 9th and 10th centuries, 

 when the empire of Charlemagne had begun to 

 break up into small fragments countships, duke- 

 doms, lian.nii--.. &c. the right of private war and 

 private vengeance, which had been traditionally 

 practised by the early Teutonic races, threatened to 

 l>ecome a source of anarchy and dissolution, instead 

 of what it was intended to be, a rough and ready 

 method of enforcing equity between man and man. 

 Accordingly the church, as the guardian of justice 

 and the preserver of moral order, stepped in, and 

 at the end of the 10th century formulated stem 

 ecclesiastical penalties against all who, whilst 

 waging feudal war, should violate the peace of 

 churches, priests, and the tillers of the soil. The 

 God's Truce, technically speaking, was a mutual 

 agreement, confirmed and sanctioned by the church, 

 on the part of the lianms and nobles of a particular 

 district, to abstain altogether from private war on 

 and letween certain fixed days and times, and to 

 respect permanently the rights and liberties of 

 those who followed purely pacific callings. This 

 movement had its origin in the south of France, 

 having been 'irst set on foot at a synod held at 

 Tiiluges, in Koussillon,in 1027. Fourteen years later 

 it embraced the whole of France; and from there 

 it spread rapidly into Germany, Italy, Spain, and 

 England. Alx>ut 1041 the main provisions of the 

 Peace of God (treuga Dei) were these : Peace was 

 to last from Wednesday evening to Monday morn- 



ing in each week, also during Advent and Lent, 

 and on certain of the principal saints days and 

 holy days of the diim-li ; the punishment* for con- 

 tumacy ami disobedience were money fine*, l.ani-h 

 nii-nt lor a long term of years, and excommunica- 

 tion ; protection was specially extended to all 

 women, pilgrims, priests, travellers, merchant**, 

 and agriculturists, and also to tin- farm implement* 

 and live-stock of the peasantry. The Peace 

 of < iod was confirmed by several councils of the 

 church, more especially by that of Clermont (1095), 

 when Urban II. proclaimed its universal extension 

 throughout Christendom. With the gradual con- 

 solidation of the kingly power in the larger mon- 

 archies during the course of the 13th century this 

 institution fell into desuetude. See Semichou, Lu 

 Paix et la Treve de Dint (2d ed. 1869). 



GodlinoflT. See RUSSIA, p. 44. 



Godwin* Earl of the West Saxons, the greatest 

 Englishman in the first half of the llth century, 

 was most probably son of the South-Saxon Wuff- 

 noth, who was outlawed in 1009, and regained 

 his lather's lands by his conduct in the contest 

 with Canute ; but according to others his father 

 was merely a churl, and Godwin found means 

 it) ingratiate himself with Earl Ulf, the brother- 

 in-law of King Canute. At any rate, by 1018 he 

 was an earl, and the year after he married the 

 daughter of Ulf, and soon became Earl of the 

 West Saxons. In 1042 he took the foremost 

 part in raising Edward to the English throne, and 

 was rewarded by the marriage of his beautiful 

 daughter Edith to the English king a union which, 

 however, turned out unhappily. Godwin had to 

 lead the struggle against the worthless king's fond- 

 ness for foreign favourites, and thus drew upon 

 himself the violent enmity of the court party. 

 With more than feminine bitterness and spleen, 

 the unmanly king revenged himself by heap- 

 ing insults upon Queen Edith, sei/ed her dower, 

 her jewels, and her money, and, allowing her only 

 the attendance of one maiden, closely confined her 

 in the monastery of Wherwell. Godwin and his 

 sons were banished, but they contrived to keep 

 alive the antipathy of the English to the Norman 

 favourites of Edward, and in the summer of 1052 

 landed on the southern coast of England. The 

 royal troops, the navy, and vast numbers of the 

 burghers and peasants went over to Godwin ; and 

 finally the king was forced to grant his demands, 

 and replace his family in all their offices. Godwin 

 died 7th April 1054. His great-hearted son Harold 

 was for a lew months Edward's successor on the 

 throne. See the appendices to vols. i. and ii. of 

 Freeman's History of the Norman Conquest. 



Godwin, FRANCIS, was born at Hannington in 

 Northamptonshire in 1562, son of the Bishop of 

 Bath and Wells. Elected a junior student of Christ 

 Church, Oxford, in 1578, he graduated in 1580, 

 next took orders, and was in succession rector of 

 Sampford and vicar of Weston-Zoyland, both in 

 Somersetshire. With Camden he journeyed through 

 Wales in 1590. Already sub-dean of Exeter 

 in 1.">H7, he was made in 1601 Bishop of Llan- 

 datt' for his Catalogue of the Bishops of England, 

 and was translated to Hereford in 1617. He 

 died in 1633. His name is now rememltered, not 

 for his Her inn Anglimrtim AnnaJes (1616), but for 

 his fanciful story, The Man in the Moon, or a 

 Discourse of a Voyage thither, by Do mingo Consoles. 

 1 1 was translated into French and imitated by 

 Cyrano de Bergerac, who in his turn undoubtedly 

 influenced the voyage to La put a episode in Swift's 

 Gullirer's 7'mivV.v. Godwin s Xuncius Inanimatus 

 in Utopia (1629, but soon suppressed) must have 

 suggested Wilkins' well-known Mercury, or Swift 

 aiuf Secret Messenger. 



