294 



GONTCHAROFF 



GOOD-CONDUCT PAY 



he returned to Spain, having received as reward 

 for his valuable services an estate in the Abruzzi, 

 with the title of Duke of San Angelo. When the 

 partition of the kingdom of Naples was determined 

 upon by a compact entered into at Granada, llth 

 November 1500, Gonsalvo again set out for Italy 

 with a body of 4300 men, but first took Zante 

 and Cephalonia from the Turks, and restored 

 them to the Venetians. He then landed in Sicily, 

 occupied Naples and Calabria, and demanded from 

 the French that, in compliance with the compact, 

 they should yield up Capitanata and Basilicata. 

 This demand being rejected, a war broke out 

 between the two belligerent powers, which was 

 waged with varied success. After the victory of 

 Cerignola, in April 1503, Gonsalvo took possession 

 of Calabria, the Abruzzi, Apulia, even the city of 

 Naples itself, and then laid siege to Gae'ta, but 

 was forced to retreat before a superior force of the 

 enemy. On the 29th December of the same year, 

 however, he fell upon them unexpectedly near the 

 Garigliano, and obtained a complete victory. The 

 French army was almost annihilated ; the fortress 

 of Gae'ta fell ; and the possession of Naples was 

 secured to the Spaniards. King Ferdinand of 

 Spain bestowed the duchy of Sesa upon the con- 

 queror, and appointed him viceroy of Naples, with 

 unlimited authority. His good-fortune, however, 

 made him many powerful enemies ; and he was re- 

 called to Spain and to neglect. He lived on his 

 estates in Granada till his death, 2d December 1515. 



Gontcliaroff, IVAN ALEXANDROVITCH (1813- 

 91 ), Russian novelist, was born a merchant's son 

 at Simbirsk, and for many years was in a govern- 

 ment office at St Petersburg. A Common Story was 

 translated in 1894; The Oblomovs is his masterpiece. 



Goiizaga, a princely family which gave a 

 line of dukes to Mantua and Montferrat. The 

 sway of this race over Mantua extended over a 

 period of three centuries, and many of its members 

 were magnificent promoters and cultivators of 

 arts, science, and literature. The Gonzagas gradu- 

 ally monopolised all the chief posts of command, 

 both civil and military ; in 1432 they were invested 

 with the title and jurisdiction of hereditary mar- 

 quises, and in 1530 witli that of dukes or sovereigns 

 of the state. After their elevation to ducal dignity 

 they were the faithful champions of the imperial 

 interests in their policy with other states. The 

 House of Gonzaga and that of the Visconti Dukes 

 of Milan were perpetually at war (see MANTUA). 

 The marquisate was granted to Giovanni Francesco 

 in 1433. The tenth and last Duke of Mantua, 

 Ferdinando Carlo, who had countenanced the French 

 in the War of the Succession, was deprived by the 

 Emperor Joseph I. of his states, and placed under 

 the ban of the empire. He died in exile in 1708, 

 leaving no issue. A branch of the family ruled 

 Guastalla till 1746. 



Gonzaga, LUIGI, known as ST ALOYSIUS, was 

 born in the castle of Castiglione, near Brescia, 

 9th March 1568, and was educated at Florence, 

 Mantua, and Rome. Renouncing his marquisate 

 of Castiglione in favour of his brother, he entered 

 the Society of Jesus in 1585. At Rome during a 

 visitation of the plague he gave himself up with 

 wonderful self-devotion to the care of the sick ; 

 and, stricken by the malady, died 21st June 1591. 

 He was beatified in 1621, and canonised in 1726. See 

 the Life of St Aloysius Gonzaga, edited by E. H. 

 Thompson ( 1867) ; the Italian Life by Cepari (trans. 

 byGoldie, 1891); and Aubrey deVere'sEssays( 1888). 



Good, JOHN MASON, physician and writer, was 

 born May 25, 1764, at Epping in Essex, where his 

 father was an Independent minister. He was 

 apprenticed to a surgeon-apothecary at Gosport, 

 next continued his medical studies in London, and 



commenced practice as a surgeon in Sudbury in 

 1784. Money difficulties drove him to London in 

 1793, where he combined medicine with the most 

 miscellaneous literary activity. In 1820 he took 

 his M.D. degree at Marischal College, Aberdeen, 

 and died January 2, 1827. Good's writings em- 

 brace poems, translations of Job, the Song of 

 Songs, and Lucretius, essays on prisons, medical 

 technology, and the history of medicine. He colla- 

 borated with Dr Olinthus Gregory and Newton 

 Bos worth in the Pantalogia or Encyclopedia, com- 

 prising a General Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and 

 General Literature, in twelve volumes, which was 

 completed in 1813. His ambitious poem, The Book 

 of Nature, was published in 1826. 



Goodall, FREDERICK, an English artist, the 

 son of Edward Goodall (1795-1870), an engraver, 

 who early encouraged his son's artistic talents, was 

 born in London, September 17, 1822. He was only 

 seventeen years of age when he exhibited his first 

 picture at the Royal Academy, ' French Soldiers 

 playing Cards in a Cabaret. 1 'The Return from a 

 Christening,' which received a prize of 50 from 

 the British Institution, 'Tired Soldier' (1842), 

 'Village Festival' (1847), 'Hunt the Slipper' 

 (1849), 'Raising the Maypole' (1851), and ' Cran- 

 mer at the Traitors' Gate' (1856) are amongst 

 the best of his early pictures. A visit to Venice 

 and Egypt in 1857-59 led him to turn his attention 

 to Italian and oriental subjects, such as ' Reciting 

 Tasso ' ( 1859), ' Song of the Nubian Slave ' ( 1864), 

 'Rising of the Nile' (1865), 'Mater Dolorosa' 

 (1868), ' Sheep- washing near the Pyramids of 

 Gizeh ' (1876), 'Daughters of Laban ' (1878), 

 ' Return from Mecca ' ( 1881 ), ' Flight into Egypt ' 

 (1885), and numerous others. Goodall was elected 

 a Royal Academician in 1863. 



Good-Conduct Pay is an addition to ordinary 

 pay, granted to privates, lance-corporals, and acting 

 bombardiers of the British army. To earn one 

 penny a day the soldier must have served two 

 years without his name having appeared in the 

 regimental defaulters' book, in which serious 

 crimes are recorded. For a second penny six years' 

 service is requisite, and the soldier must have held 

 the first penny for two years without an entry in 

 the regimental defaulters' book called a ' term of 

 good conduct. ' A third penny can similarly be 

 earned after twelve years' service, a fourth after 

 eighteen, and others after periods of five years. 

 Each penny carries with it a badge or Chevron 

 (q.v.) to be worn on the left sleeve. A special 

 rule enables a man who has served without an 

 entry for 14 years continuously to obtain his fourth 

 and succeeding badges and good-conduct pay two 

 years sooner than he otherwise would do. One 

 badge and the pay attached to it is forfeited for 

 every entry in the regimental defaulters' book, 

 but may be regained by a ' half-term of good 

 conduct ' ( one year ) for each badge lost. A soldier 

 who deserts, or is sentenced by court-martial to 

 penal servitude or to be discharged, or by a civil 

 court to imprisonment exceeding six months, for- 

 feits, as a result of the sentence, all his badges and 

 good-conduct pay ; and a court-martial may spe- 

 cially sentence him to this forfeiture for any offence. 

 Sergeants and full corporals or bombardiers when 

 reduced to the ranks are allotted the good-conduct 

 pay and badges, less one, which their service would 

 have entitled them to if they had not been pro- 

 moted, though none is granted to them while 

 non-commissioned officers. Sergeants of distin- 

 guished or meritorious service, however, are granted 

 annuities, not over 20 each, receivable during 

 active service, and also on retirement, together 

 with a silver medal inscribed ' for meritorious 

 service, or ' for distinguished conduct in the 



