GOODENIACE^E 



<,<>ol> \\ll.l. 



lie], I.' In tin- mivy very similar rules govern the 

 i if goi M| conduct |i;:\ , Imt its amount i- limited 

 1<> threepence ;i ila\, iiini petty olliceis may liold it. 

 In the I'niteil States tin- pa\ ni' private soldiers 

 increases from S|.'{ in >|s JUT month according to 

 h of service; ami tin- pay <f otlicers iii active 

 lee, from chaplain to colonel, increases by 10 

 .MI. fur e\ei\ I'm- \IMI> >en ice till tlie com- 

 pletion of twenty veins' service. 



<ioo<lruia<T.r. an onler of corollifloral di- 

 losely allied to CampanulaceiB and 

 l.ol.eliaeeje. The $00 species, tlie great part herbs, 

 are mostly natives of the Australian and South 

 African regions, lionili-inn nrntn is a pretty yellow- 

 tlowered si-rub of Australia. Sctevola Titcciuia is a 

 shnili I'M mi the pith of which the Malays make a 

 kiiul of rice-paper. The young leaves are eaten as 

 a salail. 



Good Friday, the name applied by the Roman 

 Catholic and Anglican Church to the Friday before 



Kaster, sacred as rommeiuorat ing tlie crucifixion 

 if uiir Lord ; porcukeug, Holy Friday, or Friday in 

 Holy Week, was its general appellation. This day 

 wa* kept as a day or mourning, of rigid fast, and 

 of special prayer from a very early period. It was 

 one of the two paschal days celeorated by the 

 Christian church, and in memory of the crucifixion 

 was called by the Greeks PascKa Staiirosimon, or 

 the ' Pasch of the Cross.' In the Catholic Church 

 the service of this day is very peculiar: instead 

 of tlie ordinary mass, it consists of what is called 

 the Mass of the Pre -sanctified, the sacred host not 

 being consecrated on Good Friday, but reserved 

 from the preceding day. Formerly all the faithful 

 partook in silence of the eucharist, but at present 

 communion is forbidden on Good Friday, except 

 in the case of the celebrant and of sick persons. 

 The priests and attendants are vested in black ; 

 the altar remains stripped of its ornaments, as on 

 Holv Thursday : a wooden clapper is substituted 

 for the bell at the elevation of the host; the priest 

 recites a series of prayers for all classes, orders, and 

 ranks in the church, and even for heretics, pagans, 

 and Jews, though the ministers' genuflexion is 

 omitted Iwfore this last petition, in detestation of 

 the feigned obeisance with which the Jews mocked 

 Christ. Hut the most striking part of the cere- 

 monial of Good Friday is the so-called 'adoration 

 of the cross,' or, as it was called in the Old English 

 popular vocabulary, 'creeping to the cross.' The 

 black covering is removed from a large crucifix 

 which is placed before the altar, and the entire con- 

 gregation, commencing with the celebrant priest 

 and his ministers, approach, and upon their knees 

 reverently kiss the figure of our crucified Lord. In 

 the eves of Protestants this ceremony appears to 

 partake more strongly of the idolatrous character 

 than any other in the Roman Catholic ritual ; but 

 Catholics earnestly repudiate all such construction 

 of the ceremony (see IDOLATRY, IMAGE-WORSHIP). 



the following day, and has this peculiarity, that by 

 the close all the lights in the church have been 

 gradually extinguished except one, which for a 

 time (as a symbol of our Lord's death and burial) 

 is hidden at the Epistle corner of the altar. 



In the Anglican Church alsoCood Friday is cele- 

 brated with special solemnity : proper psalms are 

 appointed, and one of the three special collects is 

 a prayer for 'all Jews, Turks, heretics, and infidels.' 

 In some ritualistic churches the improperia, or 

 4 reproaches,' adopted from the Roman service, are 

 sung; and Bach s Passion music is frequently 

 heard. In England and Ireland Good Friday i's 

 by law a dies uon, and all business is suspended ; 



but this is not the cane in Scotland or the United 

 States. In Scotland the day until recently met with 

 nojM-culiar attention, except from inemijerM of the 

 Episcopal and Unman CatooUo communioiiM ; but 

 of lateyea 



lateyeaih there have ln-en sei \ ires in home 



byterian churches in the larger towns. See alao 

 CROSS-BUNK, and CRAMP KINGS. 



Good Hope* See CAI-K OK <;<><m HOPE. 



l.oodrirh. s\\n 1.1, (iiaswoi.u, an American 

 author, lest known by his pen -name, PKTKR 

 PARLEY, was born in Ridgefield, Connecticut, l!th 

 August 1793, and edited in Boston an annual called 

 The Token from 1828 t<> 1842, to which be contiib- 

 tited poems, tales, and essays, and in which the 

 lest of Hawthorne's 'Twice-told Tales' first ap- 

 peared. He published some two hundred volumes, 

 mostly for the young, and dealing with history, 

 geography, travels, and natural history. Many of 

 his hooks were reprinted, and Itecame popular in 

 Great Britain. He died 9th May I860. See hi* 

 Recollections of a Lifetime (2 vols. New York, 

 1857). 



Goodsir, JOHN, anatomist, was born in 1814, 

 at Anstruther in Fife, studied arts at St Andrews 

 University, and was next apprenticed to a dentist 

 in Edinburgh, attending the medical classes there 

 the while. In 1839 he published a striking essay 

 on the teeth, and next year became keeper of 

 the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in 

 Edinburgh, where he lectured on the diseases of 

 bone and cartilage (1842-43). He also investi- 

 gated the minute structure of the healthy tissues, 

 and was one of the first observers who strongly 

 insisted on the importance, throughout the animal 

 textures, of the cell as a centre of nutrition. 

 His important memoirs on Secreting Structures 

 and on the Human Placenta, and many of his 

 papers in comparative anatomy and natural his- 

 tory, are still of value. Of these a volume was 

 issued in 1845. In 1844 Goodsir was appointed 

 assistant to Dr Monro, professor of Anatomy in 

 the university of Edinburgh, and two years hiter 

 became his successor. Here he maintained a wide 

 reputation as an anatomical teacher. Ill-health 

 overtook him near the close of his life, and he died 

 6th March 1867. See the Memoir by Professor 

 Turner (1868). 



Good Templars, a temperance society founded 

 in the United States in 1852 and introduced into 

 England in 1868. Their organisation is largely 

 modelled on that of the Freemasons, total abstin- 

 ence principles being furthered bv means of lodges, 

 pass- words, grips, and insignia. See TEMPERANCE. 



Good-will, when used as a legal term, has tw<i 

 meanings, which have been conveniently distin- 

 guished as personal and local good-will. Personal 

 good-will is that interest which is sold along with 

 a profession, and is transferable from one person 

 to another by the recommendation of the seller, 

 and his agreement not to compete with the buyer, 

 as when a doctor or a dentist sells his practice. 

 Local good-will is the saleable interest which 

 attache* 1 to a particular business at a particular 

 place, or, as Lord Eldon defined it, ' the chance 

 that the old customers will resort to the old place,' 

 without the further advantage of personal stipula- 

 tions with the seller, as in the sale of such a busi- 

 ness as 'The Railway Hotel,' 'The Market Shop. 

 When an old business is transferred the possession 

 of the premises and the old stock ( which is neces- 

 sary to the acquirement of the good-will ) is usually 

 regulated by special agreement, and what goes as 

 good-will is the right to carry on the old business, 

 to represent that it is the old business that is 

 carried on, to use the trade name and the trade- 

 mark, and to benefit by the covenants made by the 

 previous owner for the protection of his business. 



