304 



GORDON 



GORGEI 



Brandenburg. In 1850 appeared her translation of 

 Wailly's Stella and Vanessa ; in 1853 she translated 

 Comtesse d'Arbouville's Village Doctor, and, to- 

 gether with her husband, Ranke's Ferdinand and 

 Maximilian. In the midst of her busy life, alter- 

 nating between translation work and the choicest 

 society, her health gave way, and she was advised 

 to try the climate of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Thence, 1861-62, were penned her genial and viva- 

 cious Letters from the Cape. After her return to 

 England in 1862 she the same year visited Egypt for 

 the sake of her health. She returned to England, 

 June 1863, but was forced again to retreat to Egypt 

 the same year. She died at Cairo on 14th July 

 1869, and was buried in the cemetery there. Her 

 Letters from Egypt (1863) and Last Letters from 

 Egypt (1875), observant and bright and cheerful, 

 form perhaps her best contribution to literature. 

 See Janet Ross, Three Generations of Englishwomen 

 (1889). 



Gordon, PATRICK, soldier of fortune, was 

 born at Easter Auchleuchries, on the coast of 

 Aberdeenslure, 31st March 1635. Brought up by 

 his mother as a Catholic, at sixteen he sailed 

 from Aberdeen to Danzig, and entered the Jesuit 

 college of Braunsberg. His restless temper could 

 not long endure the stillness and austerity of that 

 retreat, and, making his escape from it in 1653, he 

 led for some time an unsettled life, until in 1655 

 he enlisted under the fln" of Sweden, then at war 

 with Poland. During the six years that he took 

 part in the struggle between these two powers he 

 was repeatedly made prisoner, and as often took 

 service with his captors, until again retaken. He 

 had risen to the rank of captain-lieutenant, when 

 he resolved to try his fortune next with the czar, 

 and in 1661 joined the Muscovite standard. Here 

 his services in disciplining the Russian soldiers 

 gained him rapid promotion lieutenant-colonel in 

 1662, and colonel in 1665. Hearing that the death 

 of his elder brother had made him 'goodman of 

 Auchleuchries,' he wished to return to Scotland ; 

 but there was no escape from the Russian service. 

 The czar, however, sent him on a mission to Eng- 

 land in 1666. On his return he fell into disgrace ; 

 but during 1670-76 he was engaged in subduing 

 the Cossacks in the Ukraine, in 1677 in defending 

 Tschigirin against the Turks and the Tartars. His 

 gallant performance of that duty procured him the 

 rank of major-general. In 1683 he was made 

 lieutenant-general ; in 1685 obtained leave to visit 

 England and Scotland. James II. wished him to 

 enter the English service ; but it was in vain that 

 he petitioned for leave to quit Russia. In 1688 he 

 Was made general, and now began his intimacy 

 with the Czar Peter, who, in the following year, 

 owed to Gordon's zeal and courage his signal 

 triumph over the conspirators against his throne 

 and life. In 1698 he crushed the revolt of the 

 Strelitzes during the czar's absence from Russia. 

 On 29th November 1699 he died at Moscow. See 

 Dr Joseph Robertson's edition of Passages from the 

 Diary of General Patrick Gordon ( Spalding Club, 

 1859). 



Gordon Bennett, MOUNT, a mountain seen 

 in Africa by Mr Stanley in 1875. It lies south of 

 Albert Nyanza, a little north of the equator and 

 east of 30 E. long. It is a truncated cone, 

 probably an extinct crater, and rises 14,000 or 

 15,000 feet in height. It is sometimes covered with 

 snow. See RuwENZORi. 



Gprdonia, a genus of Ternstrcemiacese. G. 

 Lasianthus, the Loblolly Bay, which covers con- 

 siderable tracts of swampy coast in the Gulf of 

 Mexico, is a handsome tree (50 to 60 feet), with 

 evergreen leaves, and large white fragrant flowers. 

 The bark is used in tanning. 



Gore, MRS CATHERINE GRACE, a clever and 

 prolific English novelist, daughter of Mr Moody, 

 wine-merchant, was born at East Retford, Not- 

 tinghamshire, in 1799. In 1823 she was married 

 to Captain Charles Arthur Gore, with whom 

 she resided for many years on the Continent, sup- 

 porting her family by her literary labours. These 

 were varied and voluminous to an extraordinary 

 degree, amounting in all to more than seventy 

 works. She died at Lynwood, Hants, January 29, 

 1861. Her first published work was Theresa March- 

 mont ( 1823 ). Some of her early novels, as the Lettre 

 de Cachet, and the Reign of Terror (1827), were 

 vivid descriptions of the French Revolution ; but 

 her greatest successes were her novels of English 

 fashionable life, conspicuous among which were 

 Cecil, or the Adventures of a Coxcomb (1841), and 

 Ormington (1842), The Ambassadors Wife, The 

 Banker's Wife, &c. She also wrote The Rosl 

 Fancier's Manual (1838). Mrs Gore's books are 

 clever. She had seen much of the world botli at 

 home and abroad, and was never at a loss for 

 characters or incidents. The chief feature of her 

 novels is the lively caxistic pictures of fashion- 

 able and high society, hut they are wanting in 

 genuine feeling and simplicity. 



Gor^e, a small island in French Senegal, lying 

 immediately south of Cape Verd, is almost entirely 

 covered by the town of Goree, an unhealthy place 

 of (1885) 2200 inhabitants. Its commercial im- 

 portance is rapidly being transferred to the port 

 of Dakar, which lies over against it on the main- 

 land. 



Gorey, a municipal borough and market-town 

 of County Wexford, 59 miles S. of Dublin by rail, 

 and 3 miles inland from St George's Channel. 

 Pop. (1851)2973; (1881)2450; (1891)2213. 



Gorgei, ARTHUR, commander-in-chief of the 

 Hungarian forces during the revolt of 1849, was 

 born at Toporcz, in the county of Zips, 5th Febru- 

 ary 1818. On the outbreak of the revolt in 1848, 

 Gb'rgei at once offered his services to the Hungarian 

 independent government, and first distinguished 

 himself by compelling Jellachich's Croatian reserve 

 of 10,000 men to capitulate to him at Ozora, on 7th 

 October. After this exploit he was given a com- 

 mand against Windischgratz on the western fron- 

 tier. But, driven back by the Austrian general to 

 Raab by 26th December, and learning that Budapest 

 had fallen and the government had fled to Debrec- 

 zin, Gorgei made a wide detour through the moun- 

 tains to the north of the capital, and joined his 

 troops to the army in the neighbourhood of De- 

 breczin. Of this force Gorgei was made com- 

 mander-in-chief in the end of March' 1849. Then, 

 advancing westwards to the relief of Komorn, 

 which still held out against the Austrians, he 

 decisively routed the enemy in a succession of 

 battles between April 2 and April 10. On April 

 22 he effected the relief of the beleaguered city, 

 and four days later routed the Austrians so 

 thoroughly at Uj-Szony that they were compelled 

 to evacuate the country. Meanwhile a new Austrian 

 army was being equipped, and the Russians were 

 invading the country from the north and north-east. 

 At this critical period Gorgei wasted valuable time 

 in the siege of Ofen (Buda). After offering an 

 obstinate but unavailing resistance to the Austrians 

 in several battles near Komorn, Gorgei was again 

 compelled to retreat eastwards ; but at Waitzen he 

 encountered the Russians. Still retreating, by way 

 of Tokay, he reached in the beginning of August 

 Grosswardein, where he again suffered defeat from 

 Paskevitch, the Russian general. On llth August 

 he was nominated dictator in Kossuth's stead at 

 Arad, and two days later surrendered his army of 

 24,000 men, the last of the Hungarian forces in the 



