GOYANA 



r;ozzi 



810 



maintained I iy some writers, wlu |i<int out that, 

 with tint exception of Iliirton'8 general remark 

 tli.-it ' wi/ing ii|M>n or kidnapping a king had in 

 tliiit <lay become almost a const ilut ionul method 

 lei-ting a change of ministry in Scotland,' 

 nothing has ever IMMMI urged to move that either 

 Gowrio or Knthven could lenent by the kind's 

 inniili-r <>r captivity, whilst by the death of the 

 earl and his In-other .lames was freed from a debt 

 ni' o\rr t'SU.OOO, and rid of apolitical opponent in 

 tin- pei sun of the one, and possildy of a rival in 

 tin- i|iieeii % H affection in that of the other; that, 

 whilst there is no trust worthy evidence to prove 

 tin- interview in Falkland Park to have been of 

 Ituthven's seeking, the king very shortly before 

 liad sent letters to both the brothers; that, whilst 

 the reason alleged by the king to account for his 

 visit to (Jowrie House is palpably absurd, that 

 given by Kuthven, who ascril>ed it to the matter 

 ot the debt, is reasonable; that the point which 

 tells most against (Jowrie viz. his conduct on 

 receiving the false information of James's de- 

 parture for Falkland is not inconsistent with 

 innocence ; that the position of the study to which 

 the king was taken makes it incredible that it 

 could have been selected for a criminal purpose; 

 that in his various statements Henderson, who 

 \\.ts produced as being, but was not generally 

 believed to have been, the 'armed man, contra- 

 dicted not only the king and Ramsay, but himself 

 as well ; that Ruthven's dyin exclamation, ' Alas, 

 I had na wy te ( blame ) of it, may reasonably be 

 looked upon as referring to the origin of his struggle 

 with the king ; that Sprott, whose confession was 

 the only evidence connecting Gowrie and Restalrig, 

 was looked on as a madman by the king's warmest 

 sympathisers; that the famous letters were not 

 produced at his trial; that in the following year 

 the)' did not at first convince the jury, who brought 

 in a verdict of guilty against Logan only after 

 they had been remonstrated with oy the Earl of 

 Dunbar ; and, finally, that those letters bristle 

 with discrepancies, contain no proof of a plot for 

 the abduct ion of the king, whom they do not even 

 mention, and cannot, from their dates, be made 

 to refer to any event intended to take place till 

 long after the 5th of August. There is yet another 

 view adopted by those who, whilst admitting the 

 innocence of Gowrie and Ruthven, find it difficult 

 to believe that the king devised a plot in which he 

 was himself to play a dangerous part. It is in 

 substance the same as that set forth at the time 

 by Sir William Bowes, the English agent in Edin- 

 burgh, in a letter to Sir John Stanhope. It is to 

 the effect that there was no conspiracy on either 

 side, but that the struggle in the study arose out 

 of some sharp words that passed between the 

 king and Kuthven concerning the execution of the 

 latter's father, and that all the subsequent events 

 were in part contrived, in part utilised, for the 

 purpose of giving James's conduct what Bowes 

 calls 'an honourable cloak.' See Louis A. Barbe's 

 of Gowrie House (Paisley, 1887). 



(oyaiia. a town of Brazil, 40 miles N. by W. 

 of Pernamlmco, with a large Carmelite monastery, 

 and nourishing sugar-plantations. Pop. 10,000. 



4.o\:i y Llicientes, FRANCISCO, the most 

 dfetingaiahed painter of the new Spanish school, 

 WM Itorn at Fuente de Todos, in Aragon, SOih 

 March 1741), and received his first education in art 

 in the academy at San Luis, Saragossa. On his 

 return from a visit to Rome, the talent and speed 

 with which he executed some paintings for the 

 royal tapestry manufactory gained the approbation 

 of the celebrated Mengs, who superintended that 

 \\ork. His scenes from tine common life of the 

 Spanish people excited special admiration. In 



17SO he was elected im-mlwr of the academy of 

 San Fernando. From this time, although he 

 i-iii;tin- in all his work a thorough Spaniard, the 

 influence of Vehixjney. and Kcmhrandt W olthervuMe 

 in his paintings. Among the most celebrated of 

 tlic.se is his portrait of Chaili- IV., for which he 

 was made court- painter. In IH'J4 lie went to Paris 

 for his health, and continued to reside in France 

 till his death, which took place at Bordeaux, 16th 

 April 1H28. See Lives by Yriarte (Paris, 1W57), 

 Lefort (Paris, 1877), and De la Vifiaza (Mad. 1887). 

 < oy a/, the central state of the republic of Brazil, 

 falls within the dry plateau region, rising in the south 

 to an important range of mountains (see BRAZIL), 

 and has an area of 288,546 sq. m. The river 

 Tocantins traverses most of the state from south 

 to north, and receives the Araguay, which forms 

 the western boundary ; the southern frontier is 

 marked by the Paranahyba. The climate in the 

 south is healthy, but in the north malignant fevers 

 are common, and the cattle are subject to goitre. 

 The locality had once some fame as a source of 

 gold and diamonds ; but these products are ex- 

 hausted, and its deposits of iron and rock-salt are 

 not worked. Stock-raising is the chief industry, 

 the cattlemen being mostly half-civilised vaqueirot. 

 The population was estimated in 1895 at 230,000, 

 mostly naif-castes. There are also several thousand 

 wild Indians. The capital, Goyaz,on theVermelho, 

 a tributary of the Araguay, preserves, in its cathe- 

 dral and large government buildings, traces of 

 better days. Pop. 8000. 



CiOZO (called by the Romans Gaulus), an island 

 in the Mediterranean, lying 4 miles NW. of Malta 

 and belonging to Britain, has, with the adjacent 

 smaller island of Comino, an area of 20 sq. m. 

 and a pop. (1891) of 16,500. The surface is hilly, 

 but the soil is fertile. The chief town is Babato, 

 situated near the centre of the island. The history 

 of Gozo is identical with that of Malta ( q. v. ). 



CrOZZi, COUNT CARLO, Italian dramatist, was 

 born at Venice in March 1722. The publication of 

 several slight but witty and satirical pieces made 

 him known in his native city, and the part he took 

 in combating the theatrical innovations of Chiari 

 and Goldoni made him famous. For the purpose of 

 counteracting the attempts of these two writers to 

 free the Italian stage from the puerilities of the 

 Commedia dell' Arte by the introduction of trans- 

 lations of newer French dramatic works, Goz/i 

 wrote a satirical poem, Tartana degl' Injlussi //</ 

 I' Anno Bisestile (1757), and a comedy, tiaba del/' 

 Amore delle tre Melarancie (1761). In this last 

 work he struck a vein which for a time proved to 

 be extremely popular, and he wrote several similar 

 'dramatic fairy-tales,' as he called them, the best 

 being L 1 Augellino Bel Verde. But the best known, 

 from Schiller's translation of it, is Tiirandot, which 

 Gozzi himself borrowed from a Persian source 

 (Nizami). His latest dramas were modelled upon 

 those of Calderon, but they enjoyed only a mode- 

 rate success. Gozzi died 4th April 1806. In 177- 

 74 he edited a complete collection of his own* 

 works in 10 vols. ; but a fuller edition came out 

 at Venice in 14 vols. in 1802. See his Meiuoir- 

 (1797; Eng. trans, by J. A. Symonds, 2 vols. 

 1889). His brother, COUNT GASPARO Gozzi, \\a- 

 lx)rn at Venice, 20th December 1713. His first 

 attempts in literature, the translation of dramas 

 from the French for production in the theatre of 

 Saut' Angelo at Venice, were not successful. 

 But his next ventures, the editing of two journals, 

 Gazzetta Veneta (from 1760) and Osservatorc 

 Veneto (from 1761), to which he contributed 

 very copiously, established his fame as one 

 of the most elegant writers of literary Italian. 

 The second of these works was an attempt to 



