HIM i:\VII.LK 



f;i;i: i:\wirir 



400 



referable to the Basalt* (q.v.) ami the l)i 



1. 1 v.). 



<KreenviIlt', capital of Greenville county, South 

 : ma, <IM Ueedy River, 95 iniluH (II'J hy rail) 

 \ \\ ni Columbia, with a cotton factoiy, anil 

 manufactures of oil, Hour, furniture, and machinery. 

 It is the Heat of a Baptist university ( 1851 ) and of 

 ;i I'.aptist ladies 1 college. Top. (1900) 11,860. 



Cir''ll '<'<! a name given to certain half- 



sluubb\ species of ti'i'tttitta. See GKNIST.V, and 

 l>\ii> liriMini (<i. tinrtnriii ) under BltooM. Hairy 

 u weed ( (!. pilosa) in sometimes grown in 

 I-' ranee on light soils as fodder for sheep. 



<fireoiiw*'ll, DORA, religious poet, was 1mm 

 (itli Hecemher 1821 near Lanchester in Durham, 

 and after 1S4S lived in Durham. She died 29th 

 March ISS2. AmongHt her works, all marked by a 

 lofty .strain of patience, Christian hope, holy con- 

 fidence, and withal of deep-seated melancholy, 

 ;i volume of ]>oems in 1848, and another in 

 I Mil ; several short prose works, including The 

 I'litii-iire of Hope, 'Iwo Friends, and a sequel, 

 i'n//iM/ a i>t Cruets; a Life of Lacordaire (1868), and 

 Cm- HI inn Cruets (1869). See the Memoirs by 

 William Dorling ( 1885).' 



Clreeiiwioll (A.S. Green-ivic, 'green creek or 

 ba\ '), a parliamentary Ixmnigh of Kent, is situated 

 ." miles ESE. of London Bridge, on the south bank 

 of the Thames, here crossed l>y a steamship ferry, 

 on the American system, which was opened in 1888. 

 The town is chiefly memorable on account of its 

 gn-at national institutions. First amongst these 

 comes Greenwich Hospital, which occupies the site 

 of an old royal palace, in which Henry VIII. and 

 his daughters Mary and Elizabeth were born, and 

 where Kdwiird Vl. died. The first idea of its 

 foundation i* said to have originated in 1692 

 afu-r the great naval victory of La Hogue ; it 

 was then proposed to raise a suitable monument 

 as a mark of the gratitude which England felt 

 towards her brave sailors. According to the 

 Latin inscription which runs round the frieze of 

 the hall, ' The pious regard of Queen Mary dedi- 

 cated this Palace of Greenwich for the relief and 

 maintenance, at the public expense, of those sea- 

 men who have protected the public safety in the 

 reign of William and Mary, 1694.' The hospital 

 << insists of four distinct piles of buildings, all 

 ot which are quadrangular and named according 

 to the respective sovereigns in whose reigns they 

 were successively built. King Charles's building, 

 to t lie west, was erected in 1<><>4, from the original 

 It-ign by Inigo Jones. On the other side of the 

 si|nare towards the east is Queen Anne's building ; 

 to the southward of these are King William's 

 building, containing the Great Hall, and Queen 

 Mary's building, containing the chapel. The last 

 three were from designs by Sir Christopher Wren. 

 The Great Hall is remarkable for its painted ceil- 

 ing, a work carried out by Sir James Thornhill in 

 1707 '27. It contains several valuable pictures .it 

 great naval battles and of the heroes who fought 

 in them; there is still preserved the coat which 

 Ndson wore when he was shot at Trafalgar. The 

 chapel is a fine specimen of Greek architecture ; 

 it was restored in 1789 from designs by James 

 Stuart. A statue of George II. by Rysbrach 

 adorns the central square. 



The first pensioners were received in the hospital 

 in 1705; these numl>ered 100; in 1814 the maxi- 

 mum number was reached viz. 2710. In 1763 out- 

 pcnsiuns were granted from the funds; in 1849 the 

 number of in-pensioners began to decrease, until 

 in IS(>5 they only numltered 1400. For some time 

 the in-pensioners had U-en discontented with their 

 manner of living at the hospital, and in 1869, when 

 they had the option of receiving a grant of money 



in lieu of their hoard and lodging, a very large 

 majority preferred to take the money ana gi 

 their friend*. A few old or bedridden men were 

 transferred 'o the xurious naval hospitals and the 

 Seamen's Hospital Society, to IM- maintained at the 

 evp.-nse ot Greenwich Hospital Fund. Greenwich 

 Hospital was thus disestablished by the \oles of 

 the very men for whose lienetit it wax originally 

 founded. The revenues of the hospital are derived 

 from different sources, the principal of which are 

 gifts by King William and the original coinmiB- 

 sioners, the rental of the forfeited estates of the 

 Earl of Derwentwater, contributions of the sea- 

 men and marines of Her Majesty's licet . as well an 

 from those who served in the mercantile marine ; 

 large sums have been acquired from unclaimed 



Iirize-money and tines. The annual income of the 

 lospital is 167,259. From this sum numepni- 

 pensious are paid ; 1000 Ixiys, the sons of sea- 

 men and marines, are maintained and educated at 

 Greenwich Hospital Schools at an average cost of 

 23,000 a year ; gratuities are granted to widows 

 of seamen and marines ; and ftO children of officers 

 who have died receive grants for their education. 

 It is estimated that 9000 persons, exclusive of the 

 children mentioned, derive benefit from the funds. 

 In 1873 Greenwich Hospital liecame the college 

 for the Royal Navy, ami all naval officers belong- 

 ing to the combatant branch are now compelled to 

 take their degree at Greenwich. Having reached a 

 certain seniority as midshipmen, they are entered 

 at the college, and, after having passed through a 

 course of instruction, they are examined and classi- 

 fied according to merit. Executive officers of 

 different ranks have the privilege of studying and 

 earning extna distinctions by passing meritorious 

 examinations. A certain number of the engineer 

 officers also go through a course of study at the 

 Royal Naval College. 



The Naval Museum contains many objects of 

 interest connected with the navy, such as models 

 of ships both ancient and modern, specimens of 

 guns, torpedoes, and ammunition, plans of British 

 dockyards, relics of Sir John Franklin's expedition, 

 and, last but not least, the famous original Chatham 

 chest established at Chatham by Queen Elizabeth 

 in 1588 for the relief of wounded and decayed sea- 

 men, and removed hither in 1803. 



The Royal Hospital School was first established 

 in 1712 for the purpose of clothing and educating 

 the sons of the pensioners. One thousand boys 

 enjoy its benefits, besides one hundred day- 

 scholars nominated under the Boreman Trust. 

 Entries are made at 11 years of age, and, ii the boys 

 prove fit for service in the navy, they are retained 

 till they reach the age of 15 years. The school 

 is essentially a training place for the Royal Navy, 

 the boys being passed thence to training-ships at 

 Portsmouth and Devon port. The 'Queen's House' 

 in the centre of the school buildings was a favourite 

 residence of Queen Henrietta Maria. The school 

 possesses a spacious gymnasium, a large swim- 

 ming-bath, several good model rooms for seaman- 

 ship instruction, and a very line dining-hall. The 

 admissions are limited to the sons of seamen of the 

 Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and the Royal 

 Naval Reserve, with a few from the mercantile 

 marine. 



Another national institution at Greenwich, not 

 less important than 'hese naval establishments, i- 

 the Royal Observatory, which crowns the hill that 

 rises im the park behind the hosnital (see OBSERVA- 

 TORY). It was built by Charles II. in 1675, the 

 first astronomer-royal being Flamsteed. From 

 here the correct time is (lashed every day by the 

 electric telegraph to the principal towns of the 

 kingdom. From Greenwich, too, geographers and 

 seamen reckon longitude. The park is a favourite 



