GRENKLLK 



GRKNVILLK 



411 



re chiefly dependent, and St Vincent, with a total 

 MM of 13 sq. m., and aboat 7900 inhabitanta, The 



t is ( 'aiiiac-ou, with nearly 11 q. n. ; pop. 

 6000. 



4. rent He, a south-western suburb of Paris. 



(in-noble (Lat. Gratianopolis), since !*.'! a 

 i. M tilled city of France, capital of the 

 dep.-u i mi-lit of Isere, is finely situated in a beau- 

 tiful valley 59 miles SE. of Lyons. It is divided 

 by tlie Isfcre into two unequal portions, connected 

 iirce bridges. The 15th-century cathedral of 

 Nfttre Dame, St Laurent, St Andre ( with Bayard's 

 monument, transferred hither in 1822), and the 

 Gothic pcdais-de-juatict are the most interesting 

 buildings. The town has a university of three 

 faculties, with about 275 students, and numerous 

 other educational establishments, including an 

 industrial school and a school of forestry. The 

 library contains 170,000 volumes and 7500 MSS. 

 The staple industry is the manufacture of kid 

 gloves (employing 22,000 persons in 115 factories). 

 Besides this, there are manufactures of liqueurs 

 (Chartreuse), hate, cement, and hardware, and an 

 active trade in hemp, corn, timber, wine, and 

 cheese. Pop. (1872) 35,280; (1886) 49,338. 

 Grenoble, originally a city of the Allobroges, was 

 fortified by the Romans. It was Burgundian in 

 the 5th century, and in the 1 1 th belonged to the 

 empire. Later on it became the capital of 

 Dauphine, along with which it passed to France 

 in 1349. The town has been frequently inundated, 

 tin- Moot! of 1778 being the most memorable. See 

 Pilot's Histoire de Grenoble (2 vols. 1843-46). 



lirenville. GEORGE, the English statesman 

 wlui passed the Stamp Act which first drove the 

 American colonies to resistance, was born on 14th 

 Oetol>er 1712. He was younger brother to Richard 

 Grcnville, Earl Temple* (q.v.), and brother-in-law 

 of the Earl of Chatham. He entered parliament 

 in 1741, and from 1744 to 1762 filled several govern- 

 ment offices. In 1757 he introduced a bill for the 

 regulation of the payment of the navy. In 1762 

 lie 1 MM -a me Secretary of State, and then First Lord 

 of the Admiralty; and in the following year he 

 succeeded Lord Bute as prime-minister, uniting in 

 himself the offices of Chancellor of the Exchequer 

 and First Lord of the Treasury. The most promi- 

 nent facts of his administration were the prosecu- 

 titui of Wilkes and the passing of the American 

 Stamp Act. He resigned the premiership in 1765, 

 and died 13th November 1770. Although an honest 

 iind honourable man, his overleaping ambition, 

 want of tact, and imperious nature made him a 

 highly unpopular minister. See the Grenville 

 Papers, edited by W. J. Smith (4 vols. 1852-53). 



Crrenville, SIR RICHARD, one of England's un- 

 forgptten \\orthies, sprang from an ancient Cornish 

 family, and early distinguished himself under 

 Elizabeth by his courage both on land and sea. He 

 was knighted about 1.777, and in 1585 commanded 

 the seven ships which carried out Raleigh's first 

 colony to Virginia, the ill -success of which, accord- 

 ing to Ralph Lane, its leader, was mainly due to 

 the commander's tyranny. Linschoten speaks of 

 the fierceness of his temper, and how at table he 

 Would crush the -la es Let \veen his teeth till the 

 blood ran out of his mouth. Grenville fought and 

 polled the Spaniards like other heroes of his time, 

 and while preparing another fleet for Virginia was 

 stayed l.y the queen at Bidcford to take his share 

 in the glory of the Armada fight. In August 15<)l 

 he commanded the Hnvntjr. in Lord Thomas 

 Howard's -.piadron of six vessels, when they fell in 

 with a Spanish fleet of fifty-three sail off Flores, 

 in the A/ores, (irenville took off his ninety sick 

 men from the island, and, while the admiral made 

 good his escape, refused with splendid disohedi- 

 235 



ence 'to turn from the enemy, alleging that he 

 would lather choo-i- to die than to dishonour him- 

 self, hi-, country, and her majesty's hip. 1 The 

 great .s'/ J'lnl,/,, of ir.<X) tons, towering in height 

 alwive the Revenge., soon txx>k the wind from her, 

 and now she found hei>df in the midxl of a ring of 

 enemies, and 1 a battle almost unequalled in the 

 history of the world In-gan. From three in the 

 afternoon, and all through the night till morning 

 the battle raged, the stars above blotted out by 

 the sulphurous canopy of smoke, while as many a* 

 fifteen several Spanish ships were beaten on' in 

 turns, and no less than 800 shot of great artillery 

 endured. Two shins were sunk by her side, two 

 more so disabled that they soon foundered, while 

 as many as 2000 men were slain or drowned. Hut 

 the Revenge was by this time a helpless wreck, all 

 her powder spent, the pikes broken, forty of her 100 

 sound men slain, and the most part of the rest hurt, 

 the vice-admiral himself sore wounded, Imth in the 

 Ixxly and in the head. Sir Richard would have 

 had the master-gunner to blow up the ship, but 

 was overborne by his surviving men, and carried on 

 Inwrd one of the Spanish ships, where he died of his 

 wounds the second or third day after, with the 

 words on his lips, according to Linschoten 's account : 

 ' Here die I, Richard Grenville, with a joyful and 

 quiet mind : for that I have ended my life as a 

 true soldier ought to do, that hath fought for 

 his country, queen, religion, and honour. Whereby 

 rny soul most joyfully departeth out of this body, 

 and shall always leave behind it an everlasting 

 fame of a valiant and true soldier, that hath done 

 bis duty as he was bound to do.' ' What l)ecame 

 of his body,' says Raleigh, ' whether it were buried 

 in the sea or on the land we know not : the comfort 

 that remaineth to his friends is, that he hath ended 

 his life honourablv in respect of the reputation won 

 to his nation and country, and of the fame to his 

 posterity ; and that, being dead, he hath not out- 

 lived his own honour.' A few days after the fight 

 a great storm arose from the west and north-west, 

 in which fourteen Spanish ships, together with the 

 Revenge and in her 200 Spaniards, were cast away 

 upon the Isle of St Michaels, besides fifteen or six- 

 teen more upon the other islands. ' So it pleased 

 them to honour the burial of that renowned ship 

 the Revenge, not suffering her to perish alone, for 

 the great honour she achieved in her lifetime.' 

 'Hardly,' says Froude, 'as it seems to us, if the 

 most glorious actions which are set like jewels in 

 the history of mankind are weighed one against the 

 other in the balance, hardly will those 300 Spartans 

 who in the summer morning sat combing their long 

 hair for death in the passes of Thermopvhe have 

 earned a more loftv estimate for themselves than 

 this one crew of modern Englishmen.' 



This great exploit was told in noble Engh'sh by Sir 

 Walter Kaleigh in A Report of the Truth of the Fiyht about 

 the lies of Azores, this last Hammer (1591); in good verse 

 by Gervase Markham, in The Most Honorable Trarjedir of 

 Sir Richard Grinuile, Knight (1595); by Jan Huygen 

 van Linschoten, in his diary (Dutch, 1596; Eng. 1598), 

 the three reprinted together by Arber ( 1871 ) ; by Froude, 

 in 'England's Forgotten Worthies,' in the Westminster 

 Jterifio for July 1852, since included in the first volume 

 of his Short Studies on Great Xubjtcts ; and by Tennyson 

 in The Revenrje, the noblest heroic ballad in the English 

 tongue set not unworthily to music in Villiers Stan- 

 ford's cantata produced at Leeds in 1886. 



Sir Richard Grenville was grandfather of the 

 English Bayard, Sir Bevill Grenville (born 1596), 

 the hero of Hawker's spirited ballad, who was killed 

 at the battle of Lansdown, near Bath, 5th July 

 1643. 



Gronyille. WILLIAM WYNDHAM, LORDGREX- 

 vu. i. K, third son of George Grenville. was l>orn 2."th 

 October 1759. After studying at Eton and Oxford, 



