426 



GBIMOIRE 



GRINSTEAD 



succeeded in 1672 by the Wonderful BircCs-nest, a 

 fanciful production somewhat like Guevara's Dia- 

 bolo Cojuelo. Besides these Grimmelshausen wrote 

 the Erste Barenheuter, the Galgenmdnnlein, Sim- 

 plicissimus's Everlasting Calendar, and three or 

 four other tales or tracts. His writings, especially 

 Simplicissimus, seem to have been very popular in 

 his own time, but to have fallen into neglect in the 

 last century. Their merits, however, have been 

 recognised of late years, and the best of them have 

 been reprinted with introductions and notes e.g. > 

 in the edition of Von Keller ( 4 vols. Stutt. 1854-62), 

 that of Heinrich Kurz (4 vols. Leip. 1863), and of 

 Julius Tittman (4 vols. Leip. 1874-77). 



Griinoire (whence the English gramarye, 

 * magic ' ), the French term for the book of formulas 

 which sorcerers used for invoking demons ; hence 

 also gibberish. The older forms of the word 

 (gramaire, gramare) approximate to the Low Latin 

 gramma, ' a letter ; ' the origin of the word being 

 obvious. 



Grimsby, or GREAT GRIMSBY, a parliamentary, 

 municipal, and county borough and seaport of 

 Lincolnshire, is situated on the right bank of the 

 Humber, 20 miles ESE. of Hull and 41 NE. of Lin- 

 coln. It consists of two portions : the older, com- 

 prising a number of streets irregularly laid out, is at 

 the head of the harbour; and the newer part, called 

 the 'Marsh,' extending along the east side of the 

 harbour, is regular and spacious. The parish church, 

 a good cruciform edifice in the Early English style, 

 was restored in 1859. A statue of the Prince 

 Consort was unveiled in 1879, and a public park 

 of 27 acres opened in 1883. In the time of Edward 

 III. Grimsby was a port of considerable importance, 

 which, however, it gradually lost as its harbour 

 became silted up. The town is famous as the 

 largest fishing port in the kingdom, its trawlers 

 and smacks being mostly engaged in the cod, 

 herring, and whelk fisheries. Its importance as a 

 place for the landing of fish dates from 1849-58, 

 when docks began to be constructed under the 

 auspices of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln- 

 shire Railway, which carries the fish to the principal 

 industrial centres of the northern Midlands. The 

 docks cover altogether an area of about 350 acres. 

 The industries of the place include shipbuilding, 

 tanning, brewing, cordage-making, and ilax-dress- 

 ing. About 3500 vessels, with an average burden 

 of 675,000 tons, enter every year, and the number 

 and burden of those clearing annually are about 

 the same. The imports of the port reach the 

 annual value of 4^ millions sterling, and the exports 

 7f millions. Grimsby since 1832 has returned only 

 one member to parliament. Pop. ( 1851 ) 12,263 ; 

 { 1871 ) 28,503 ; ( 1891 ) 58,603, of whom 51,876 were 

 within the municipal boundary. See works by 

 Oliver (1825) and Davenport (1866). 



Grindal, EDMUND, Archbishop of Canterbury, 

 was born near St Bees in 1519, and educated at 

 Cambridge, where he was in turn scholar, fellow, 

 and master of Pembroke Hall. Already a pre- 

 bendary of Westminster under EdAvard VI., he 

 lived abroad during Mary's reign, and there 

 imbibed the spirit of Geneva, returning to Eng- 

 land on the accession of Elizabeth. On Bonner's 

 deprivation in 1559 he was 7nade Bishop of Lon- 

 don, in 1570 Archbishop of York, and in 1575 

 he succeeded Parker in the see of Canterbury. 

 His Puritanistic sympathies soon estranged him 

 from the court, and his resolute refusal to put 

 down against his own conscience ' prophesy ings ' or 

 private meetings of the clergy for mutual help 

 in the interpretation of Scripture, led to his 

 being sequestered from his functions by the im- 

 perious queen in 1577. Not for five years was he 

 restored, and a year later he died at Croydon, July 



6, 1583. 'Being really blind,' says Fuller, 'more 

 with grief than age, he was willing to put off' his 

 clothes before he went to bed, and in his lifetime 

 to resign his place to Doctor Whitgift, who refused 

 such acceptance thereof. And the queen, com- 

 miserating his condition, was graciously pleased to 

 say that, as she had made him, so he should die 

 an archbishop.' His few writings, with a Life by 

 the Rev. William Nicholson, were printed by the 

 Parker Society in 1853. 



Grindelwald, one of the most beautiful 

 valleys (3468 feet) of the Bernese Oberland in 

 Switzerland, about 12| miles long and 4 broad, 

 forms the approach to the two Grindelwald glaciers. 

 The chief hotel and part of the village (pop. 3089) 

 were destroyed by fire on 18th August 1892. 



Grinding. See CUTLERY. 



Gringore, or GRINGOIRE, PIERRE, a favourite 

 French poet under Louis XII. and Francis I., was 

 born, perhaps at Caen, between 1475 and 1480, and 

 early became known as a writer of moral and 

 allegorical poems, next of satirical farces abounding 

 in allusions to the social and political circumstances 

 of the time. For the first twenty years of the 16th 

 century he played the most important roles in the 

 theatrical society of ' Enfants sans Souci,' first as 

 Mere-Sotte, next as Prince des Sots ; and as such 

 was active in the production and representa- 

 tion of pantomimic satirical farces. He is an im- 

 portant figure in literary history as one of the 

 creators of the French political comedy. He abused 

 the enemies of Louis XII., and thus found cover for 

 his freedoms against the vices of the nobility, the 

 clergy, and even the sacred person of the pope 

 himself. In later life he entered the service of the 

 Duke of Lorraine as a herald, and confined his 

 muse to religious poetry alone. He died in 1544. 

 The most important among his pieces are Le Jeu du 

 Prince des Sots (1511), directed especially against 

 Pope Julius II. ; Les folles Enterprises, a series of 

 half allegorical monologues aimed at the chief 

 existing grievances in church and state ; Les En- 

 treprisde Venisc, and La Chasse du Cerf des Ccrfs, 

 both political, the title even of the latter being but 

 a dimly-veiled allusion to Pope Julius (Serous 

 servorum Dei) ; and the famous Mystere de Mon- 

 seigneur Saint Loys, written about 1524. Grin- 

 gore's works have been edited by Hericault, Mon- 

 taiglon, and Rothschild (4 vols. 1858-77). He is 

 the chief figure in a comedy of Banville's, but his de- 

 scription in Hugo's Notre Dame must not be taken 

 as historical. See Picot, Pierre Gringoire ( Paris, 

 1878), and another work by Badel (Nancy, 1893). 



Grinnell Land, a barren, mountainous Polar 

 tract on the west side of Kennedy Channel (the 

 northern continuation of Smith's Sound ), which 

 separates it from Greenland. It was discovered by 

 Dr Hayes of Kane's expedition in 1854, and named 

 after Henry Grinnell (1800-74), of New York, who 

 had fitted out the expedition. Greely in 1882 

 thoroughly explored it. North and south it is 

 covered with ice-caps ; between them lie valleys 

 that get quit of their snow in summer, and support 

 herds of musk oxen and the usual Arctic fauna. 

 In the interior he discovered Lake Hazen, 60 miles 

 long, and two ranges of mountains, one containing 

 a peak (Mount Arthur) 5000 feet high. Another 

 Grinnell Land, discovered by De Haven in 1850, 

 lies further to the south-west, off the north-west 

 extremity of North Devon Island. 



GrillStead, EAST, an old-fashioned town of 

 Sussex, 36 miles S. by E. of London by rail, which 

 till 1832 returned two members to parliament. 

 Here is Sackville College, of which Dr Neale was 

 warden, and the convent of the sisterhood of St 

 Margaret, with Home and Orphanage. Pop. 5390. 

 WEST GRINSTEAD is 18 miles to the south-west. 



