480 



GUY 



GUYON 



writing various books in Chinese, German, and Eng- 

 lish, with publishing a monthly magazine in Chinese, 

 and above all (from 1844) with the training of 

 native preachers to carry the gospel into the in- 

 terior, for at that time foreigners were not allowed 

 to enter the empire. He rendered valuable assist- 

 ance to the British during the war of 1840-42 and 

 the subsequent negotiations for peace. He died at 

 Hong-kong, 9th August 1851. He published a 

 Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China 

 <Lond. 1834; Ger. trans. 1835); China Opened" 

 <1838); The Life of Tao-Chang (1838); and a 

 history of China in German (1847), besides ad- 

 dresses, reports, &c. 



Guy, THOMAS, founder of Guy's Hospital (q.v.), 

 Southwark, London, the son of a lighterman and 

 coal-dealer, was born in Fair Street, Horselydown, 

 near the Thames, in 1644. He began business in 1668 

 in the angle formed by Cornhill and Lombard Street, 

 as a bookseller with a stock of about 200, dealing 

 extensively in the importation of English Bibles 

 from Holland ( those printed at home being executed 

 very badly ) ; and, on this being stopped, he con- 

 tracted with the university of Oxford tor the privi- 

 lege of printing Bibles, which he continued to do for 

 many years. By this means, and by selling out 

 his original shares in South Sea Stock at a great 

 advantage, he amassed a fortune of nearly half 

 a million sterling. In 1707 he built and furnished 

 three wards of St Thomas's Hospital. For the 

 building and endowment of the hospital in South- 

 wark which bears his name he set apart 238,295, 

 16s. He was also a liberal benefactor to the Sta- 

 tioners' Company, and built and endowed alms- 

 houses and a library at Tamworth, for which 

 he became one of the members about 1694. 

 Besides bestowing 400 a year on Christ's Hos- 

 pital, and giving to various other charities, he 

 left 80,000 to be divided among those who could 

 prove any degree of relationship to him He was 

 of mean appearance, with a melancholy counte- 

 nance, and was regarded as an intensely selfish and 

 avaricious man. He died December 27, 1724. 



Guy de Lusignan. See CYPRUS. 



Guy of Arezzo. See GUIDO ARETINUS. 



Guy Of Warwick, the hero of one of the 

 most ancient and popular of our early English 

 metrical romances. It is a purely English story 

 of the 13th century, related to the Dano-Saxon 

 romance of Havelok by its allusions to Danish wars 

 in England, and to the French King Horn by its 

 adoption of some of the more striking incidents in 

 that story. Its authorship may be due to Walter 

 of Exeter, a 13th-century Franciscan monk, but it 

 has undoubtedly been improved by some French or 

 Norman minstrel. The story has close affinity 

 with that of Guido Tyrius in the Gesta Romanorum. 

 The hero, Sir Guy of Warwick, is son of Segard, 

 steward of Rohand, Earl of Warwick ; his instructor 

 in the exercises of chivalry, the famous Heraud of 

 Ardenne. Having fallen deeply in love with Felice, 

 the fair and accomplished daughter of the earl, he 

 fell into a grievous sickness, but was recalled to 

 life by a promise of her hand when he had earned 

 it by knightly deeds. Immediately he crossed to 

 Normandy, at the great tournament of Rouen van- 

 quished every competitor, and at once set out into 

 far lands, travelling through Spain, Almayne, 

 and Lombardy, and gaining the prize in every 

 tournament. He then returned to England, and 

 overcame the famous Dun Cow on Dunsmore 

 Heath, near Warwick. But his haughty mistress 

 was still unsatisfied. Once more he left his 

 country to traverse Flanders and Italy, and here 

 he well-nigh lost his life through the treachery 

 of Otho, the 'felon duke' of Pavia. He next 

 went to Constantinople to save the Emperor 



Ernis from the Saracens, slew the mighty Coldran, 

 cousin of the soudan, and scattered his huge 

 army. The grateful emperor pressed on him the 

 hand of his lovely daughter and heiress Loret, but, 

 faithful to Felice, Sir Guy tore himself away, and 

 returned, with many adventures by the way, to 

 his native country. No sooner had he reached 

 its shores than tidings were brought of a most 

 portentous dragon then ravaging Northumberland. 

 He hastened to meet the monster, slew him, and 

 carried his head to King Athelstan, at Lincoln. 

 The fair Felice had now no scruple to marry the 

 hero. But remorse for all the slaughter he had 

 done merely for a woman's love began to seize him, 

 and after forty brief days of wedded happiness 

 he left his home in the dress of a palmer to visit 

 the Holy Land. Here he rescued Earl Jonas from 

 his dungeon, and slew the ferocious giant Amir- 

 aunt, after which he returned to England to find 

 Athelstan besieged in Winchester by the Danish 

 Anlaf, of whose army the mainstay was the terrible 

 Colbrand. Sir Guy, still in his disguise, after a 

 prolonged and awful struggle, succeeded in strik 

 ing off the champion's head. He now visited his 

 wife all unknown in his palmer's weeds, and then 

 retired to a hermitage at the place still called 

 Guy's Cliff, near Warwick. Before his death he 

 sent her parting ring as a token to Felice, and she 

 arrived in time to close his eyes, survived him for 

 but fifteen days, and was buried in the same grave. 



An edition in French prose was printed at Paris in 

 1525 ; the earliest English edition is undated, but most 

 probably appeared about 1550. The earliest English MS., 

 that of Auchinleck, was printed for the Abbotsford Club 

 in 1840; and again, together with the Caius MS., by 

 Professor Zupitza for the Early English Text Society 

 (1883-87). A 15th-century version had already been 

 edited for the same society by Zupitza (1875-76). All 

 these MSS. have most probably been translated from the 

 Anglo-French version. See J. Zupitza, Zur Litera- 

 turt/eschichte des Guy von Warwick (Vienna, 1873); 

 A. Tanner, Die Sage von Guy von Warwick (1877). 



Guy on, JEANNE MARIE BOUVIERES DE LA 

 MOTHE, French mystic, was born at Montargis 

 (dept. Loiret), 13th April 1648. She had destined 

 herself for the cloister, but was married, when 

 sixteen years of age, to Jacques Guyon, a man 

 of great wealth, but much older than herself. 

 Being, however, left a widow at twenty-eight, 

 she determined to devote her life to practical 

 ministrations to the poor and needy, and to the 

 cultivation of spiritual perfection, or an endeavour 

 to realise the consummate achievements of the 

 inner life, for herself. The former part of her 

 plan she began to carry out in 1681 in the 

 neighbourhood of Geneva, where she found a 

 sympathetic coadjutor in Father La Combe. But 

 three years later she was compelled to depart 

 thence on the ground that her Quietist doctrines 

 were heretical (see QUIETISM). At Turin, Gre- 

 noble, Nice, Genoa, Vercelli, and Paris, where she 

 finally settled in 1686, she became the centre of a 

 religious movement for the encouragement of ' holy 

 living.' But in January 1688 she was arrested for 

 having taught heretical opinions, and for having 

 been in correspondence with Molinos, the leader of 

 quietism in Spain. Released by the intervention 

 of Madame de Maintenon, after a detention of 

 nine months, she soon afterwards became acquainted 

 with Fenelon ; but, her influence spreading, she 

 was again imprisoned in 1695. Out of a com- 

 mission appointed to inquire into her teachings 

 and conduct of life arose a controversy between 

 Fenelon (q.v.) and Bossuet. Madame Guyon was 

 not released from the Bastille until 1702. The 

 remainder of her life was spent in retirement 

 at Blois, where she died, 9th June 1717. Her 

 views find best expression in her works entitled 



