(JIVON 



OWALIOR 



481 





JM Torrtnn Spirit nel.i, Mm/in Cnurt de Faire 



"ii, and /.< Cuntiijue. i(-# Cantiqves interpret^ 



telon le *e/w myxtiijn, . She al.su wrote an auto- 



aphy and letters, an well as some spiritual 



|>oeir\. Her eiillceied works appeared in 40 vols. 



in 17>7 !>l. Sec I'pliiini, I. iff uinl lieliijiinix 



<>/iiiii<iii.i <>f Mud, i,,i>- i; ni/nn (New York, 1847), 



uinl Gucrrier, Madame Guyon (Orleans, 1881). 



<>iiyon, UICIIAUU DEBAUKKU, a general in the 

 Hungarian revolutionary war, was horn at Walcot, 

 nr.il Until, 31st March 1813. His father, a com- 

 nmiuler in the English navy, was the descendant of a 

 Huguenot family that settled in England after the 

 revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Guyon entered 

 the Austrian service in 1831 ; and married the 

 daughter of a Hungarian Karon ami field-marshal 

 in 1S38. From that time till the outbreak of the 

 revolution, Guyon led the life of a country gentle- 

 man on his estates near Komorn, but was one 

 among the first to offer his services to the national 

 government, and acted a prominent part in the 

 struggle for independence. During the retreat of 

 Gorgei's army, Guyon carried the mountain-pass 

 of Branyiszko, and by that daring feat re-estab- 

 lished the communication with the government 

 at Debrec/.in, as also with the several other Hun- 

 garian army corps. He did brilliant service at 

 Kapolya, Komorn, and elsewhere ; and after the 

 nu of the war escaped to Turkey, and entered the 

 service of the sultan, without being obliged to 

 turn Mohammedan. Under the name of Kourshid 

 Pasha, he, as a general of division, was governor 

 of Damascus, and at the beginning of the Crimean 

 war did much to organise the army of Kars. He 

 lied at Constantinople, 12th October 1856. See A. 

 Kinglake, General Guyon (1856). 



<.ii>ot. ARNOLD, geographer, was born in 

 Switzerland in 1807, took the degree of Ph.D. at 

 Berlin in 1835, was the colleague of Agassiz at 

 Neuchatel in 1839-48, and in 1848 accompanied 

 him to America. Guyot delivered a course of 

 lectures at the Lowell Institute, which were trans- 

 lated by Professor Felton (q.v.), and published as 

 Earth and Man ( 1853). In 1854 he was appointed 

 professor of Physical Geography and Geology at 

 Princeton, where he died, 8th February 1884. He 

 had the management of the meteorological depart- 

 ment of the Smithsonian Institution, where he 

 more than once delivered courses of lectures, and 

 in connection with which he published Meteoro- 

 logical and Physical Tables (revised ed. 1884). 

 Guyot was joint-editor of Johnson's Cyclopaedia 

 (1874-77), and his other works include several 

 biographies, a Treatise on Physical Geography 

 <1873), and a series of geographies and wall-maps 

 which are in general use in American schools. 



Guy's Hospital was founded by Thomas Guy 

 <a.v. ), whu leased from the governors of St 

 Thomas's Hospital a large piece of ground, for a 

 term of 999 years, at a ground-rent or 30 a year. 

 The space being cleared, the first stone of the 

 building was laid in IT'-*'-', and the hospital ad- 

 mitted its first patient in 1725, a few days after 

 the death of its founder. The whole expense was 

 18,796, 16s., great part of which Guy expended 

 in liis lifetime, and he bequeathed 219,499 to 

 endow it. Soon after his death an act of parlia- 

 ment was obtained, regulating the management of 

 the institution. In 1829 Mr Hunt bequeathed to 

 the hospital 190,000, and additional bequests to 

 the amount of 10,000 have since been received. 

 There was at first room for atiout 400 patients; 

 now 7<H) eaii l>e accommodated. The yearly average 

 of patients is over 5000; the out-patients relieved 

 may amount to above 80,000. The annual income 

 is alnmt 40,000, chiefly from estates in the 

 counties of Essex, Hereford, and Lincoln. The 

 239 



number of governors is sixty, who are Keif- 

 elective. Student* enter the hospital for study, 

 attending clinical practice, lectured, &c., and 

 paying annual fees. The building consists of two 

 quadrangles, united by a cross structure or arcade, 

 Ix-sides two wings extending from the front to the 

 street west wing built with elegance and uni- 

 formity, and whole edifice handsome and regular. 

 A library and valuable museums are attached to 

 the hospital. New wards, with tall towers for 

 ventilation, were built in 1852, and a chemical 

 laboratory in 1872. In the chapel in a fine marble 

 statue of Guy, by Bacon, which cost 1000. Sir 

 Astley Cooper is buried in the chapel. See the His- 

 tori/ of Guy's Hospital by VVilks and Bellamy (1893). 

 See GUJARAT. 



Guzman Blanco, ANTONIO, was born in 

 Caracas in 1830, was banished for his share in 

 political disturbances, and, after taking a promi- 

 nent part in two invasions, became vice-president 

 of Venezuela in 1863. Driven from oHice in 1868, 

 he headed a revolution which restored him to 

 power in 1870, and for many years he was virtual 

 dictator of the country ; other men were occasion- 

 ally permitted to fill the position of president, but 

 they were merely figure-heads. In 1889, however, 

 popular discontent was aggravated by reports of 

 corrupt contracts made in Paris ; and Blanco, who 

 was then acting as envoy to all the European 

 powers, was practically deposed by congress, which 

 refused to accept the resignation of his former 

 protege and subsequent rival, Dr Paul. The former 

 state of Guzman Blanco is now called Miranda. 



Gwalior, a native state of central India, the 

 dominions of the Mahratta Maharajah Sindhia 

 (q.v.), consists of several detached districts, with 

 an area of 29,046 so. m., lying principally be- 

 tween 23 20' and 26 52' N. lat., and in 76 15' 

 to 79 12' E. long. Lying partly in the basin of 

 the Jumna and partly in that of the Nerbudda, it 

 divides its drainage between the Bay of Bengal 

 and the Arabian Sea. The principal export is 

 opium. At the census of 1881 (the first attempted) 

 the population was 3,115,857, in 1891 3,378,774, 

 mostly Hindus. Though Gwalior is a Mahratta 

 principality, being, in fact, the principal fragment 

 of the great empire of the Peshwa, yet the Mah- 

 rattas do not form any considerable proportion of 

 the people, and are said to number only 15,000. 

 The revenue of the state is estimated at 1,200,000 ; 

 the strength of the army is fixed at 6000 cavalry, 

 5000 infantry, and 48 guns, and there are nearly 

 7500 police. Since 1803 the country has been 

 under British protection. In 1843 the British were 

 compelled, on the death of the sovereign, to send 

 an armed force, which, after severe fighting, 

 succeeded in restoring his adopted successor to 

 the throne ; and during the troubles of 1857 the 

 young Maharajah remained faithful to the British 

 gpvenuneat, although deserted by his troops. 

 <: \VALIOR, the capital, stands 65 miles S. of Agra 

 by railway. Its nucleus is an isolated rock of alnmt 

 340 feet in height, perpendicular, either naturally 

 or artificially, on all sides ; it measures 1 mile by 

 300 yards, and its citadel (said to date from the 

 8th century), whose guns sweep the only approach, 

 is virtually impregnable against any native force. 

 Along the eastern base of this eminence lies the 

 old town of Gwalior, containing little worthy of 

 notice but a beautiful mausoleum of white sand- 

 stone ; and to the south-west there extends for 

 several miles the new town called Lashkar, where 

 the Maharajah resides. Nearly 4 miles to the 

 north-east is Morar, the British cantonment from 

 1858 to 1886, when its fine sandstone barracks were 

 handed over, along with the fortress, to Sindhia, 

 and the European headquarters removed to Jhansi 



