HACKEE 



working clasnes, and an the promoter of inter- 

 national copyright. Me died 31st July 1K64. 



llarkrr. a name for tlie Chipmunk (q.v.). 



ll;u krl. EKXST. S,-. II \KM.I,. 



ll.i. KlM-rry. See XKTTI.K Ti:i i 



llarkluit. See Km HARMS. 



Hackensaok, a town, capital of Bergenoounty, 

 lersey.on the Hackensaek River, 12 miles by 

 rail N. t.f Jersey Ciiv, has manufactures of bricks, 

 Ilk, jewellery, &c. ' \'\>. (1900)9443. 



llarklilndcr, FKIHPKICII \VIUIELM VON, a 

 < Ionian novelist ami comedy writer, was born at 

 luris-heid, near Aix-la-Clmnelle, 1st November 

 1816. After one or two false starts in life, he 

 commenced his literary career with Bilder aun dem 

 ^,,1,1, it, -nil-lit ii ( 1841 ), ami three years later followed 

 up his success with Das Sohhttcnleken im Frieden 

 (!ith ed. 1883). The truth and pleasant humour 

 of these hooks induced Baron von Taubenheim 

 to invite Hackliinder to accompany him on his 

 travels to the East. The literary fruits of this 

 journey were Daguerreotypen, aufgenommen auf 

 I if 1. it- in tlt'.n Orient (2 vols. 1842), ami I'ihjfr- 

 n-h McLka (1847;. 3d ed. 1881), a collection 

 of oriental tales and legends. In 1843 he was 

 appointed private secretary to the crown-prince of 

 \Viirtemherg, with whom he travelled in the suc- 

 eef.liiiLj years. In March 1849 he went to Italy, 

 \\.-i- pre>ent with Radet/ky's army during the 

 campaign in Piedmont, and afterwards published 

 friltlittfnlflifn int. Kriege (2 vols. 1849-50). From 

 |s.,!i onwards he lived for the most part in Stutt- 

 gart, partly also at Leoni on Lake Starnberg (or 

 \Viirm) near Munich, and died at the latter place, 

 till i .July 1877. The best of his longer novels are 

 Humid und Wandel (1850; 3d ed. 1869), Eugen 

 Xt if /fried (1852), and Namenlose Geschichten ( 1851 ). 

 Accurate portraiture of actual life, mostly its 

 external aspects, and a genial humour are the most 

 outstanding characteristics of these works. His 

 best comedies are the Geheimer Agent ( 1850), which 

 has been performed on all the stages of Germany, 

 and translated into several European languages, 

 and Miiiiin-ti.wlte Curen (1851). Along with Zoller 

 he started the illustrated magaxine Ueber Land und 

 Meer. A collected edition of his works was pub- 

 lished at Stuttgart in 60 vols. 1855-74. See his 

 posthumous Roman meines Lebens (2 vols. 1878). 



llarkinatack. See LARCH. 



Hackney, a parish of Middlesex, now forming 

 a suburb or London, and 3 miles NNE. of St 

 Paul's. It was at one time a favourite suburban 

 lenience of the London citizens, but, the current 

 of fashion having for many years been setting to 

 the west, Hackney no longer holds the rank it 

 formerly did. In its earlier and fashionable days 

 it is by some said to have given its name to 

 hackney-coaches. See CAHS. 



llaro V., surnamed the OLD, king of Norway 

 from \'2'2'.\ to 1263. During his reign Greenland 

 and Iceland were added to the Norwegian crown. 

 ll.M-o died in the Orkneys on his way home from 

 Scotland, where he had fought the battle of Largs 

 (q.v.) against Alexander III. See NORWAY. 



lladdilltfton, the county town of Haddington- 

 shire, lies at the southern base of the Garleton 

 Hills, on the Tyne, 17 miles E. of Edinburgh. Its 

 Abbey Church, the /,//";//" Luinlnni'i or ' Lamp of 

 Lothian,' is a cruciform Decorated red sandstone 

 pile, with a central tower 90 feet high, ami ruinous 

 all but the nave, which serves as the parish church. 

 Then there are the county buildings (1833), the 

 large corn exchange (1854), the town-hall (1748- 

 1831), the county lunatic asylum (1866), and a 

 school, the Knox Memorial Institute ( 1880). Had- 

 dington's worthies have been Knox, John Brown 



HADDOCK 



495 



and Samuel his grandson, Samuel Smile-, and 

 Jane Welsh Carlvlc, whilst its chiet iiieiiiorieH 

 lia\<' IH-I-II pi-iils by Hood and tire, and the great 

 sicgi- of the Knglinh by tin- Scutch in 1549. An 

 ancient royal burgh, it united till 1H85 with North 

 Berwick, Dunliar. .Icdlmrgh, and Lander to return 

 one member to parliament. Pop. ( 1881, including 

 Nungate ) 104,'J ; ( 1HKI ) 3770. See work* by Jam 

 Mill"i ( 1SH i and John Martine ( 1883). 



lluddiiitftonsliirc, or EAST LOTHIAN, a 

 maritime county of Scotland, washed on the north 

 for 32 miles by the German Ocean and the Firth 

 of Forth. Its utmost length in 26 miles, its utmost 

 breadth 19, and its area 280 sq. in. In the south 

 are the Lammermuir Hills, culminating in LH miner 

 Law ( 1733 feet) ; whilst isolated heights are North 

 Berwick Law (612), Traprain or Dumpcndcr Law 

 (724), and the Garleton Hills (594), on which 

 stands a conspicuous column, erected in 1824 

 to the fourth Earl of Hopetoun. The Tyne, flowing 

 16 miles north-eastward through the county, is 

 its only considerable stream. The rocks are vari- 

 ously Silurian, sandstone, volcanic, and carlonif- 

 erous, and yield coal, iron, and limestone, the coal 

 having been mined near Tranent since the 13th- 

 century. The annual rainfall is 25 inches, and the 

 mean temperature 46 F. Thanks to a long series 

 of skilled agriculturists, from John Cockburn of 

 Ormiston to Mr Hope of Fenton Barns and on- 

 wards, Haddingtonsnire has for two hundred 

 years enjoyed high agricultural fame, having been 

 the first Scottish county to adopt the sowing of 

 turnips in drills (1734), the thrashing-machine 

 ( 1787 ), and the steam-plough ( 1862 ). About 64 per 

 cent, of the entire area is in cultivation, and more 

 than one-seventeenth is under wood. The county 

 returns one member to parliament. Its towns are 

 Haddington, Dunbar, North Berwick, Prestonpuns, 

 Tranent, and East Linton ; and under these and the 

 Bass Rock are noticed the chief events in its history. 

 The antiquities include the ruined castles of Dirle- 

 ton and Tantallon. Pop. (1801)21,986; (1841) 

 35,886 ; ( 1881 ) 38,502 ; ( 1891 ) 37,491. See LOTHIAN, 

 and works by D. Croal ( 1885) and J. Small ( 1883). 



Haddock ( Gadus ceglefinus), a fish of the same 

 genus with the cod, and much resembling it in 

 general appearance. The number of fins is the 

 same as in the cod, there being three dorsals and 

 two anals. The haddock, like the cod, has a 

 barbule at the point of the lower jaw. The 

 haddock is brown on the back, silver}' on the 

 belly ; the lateral line is black, and there is a 

 black spot behind each of the pectorals, these spots 

 sometimes extending so as to meet on the back. 

 An ancient legend ascribes these spots to the 

 finger and thumb of St Peter, and states the 

 haddock to be the fish from the mouth of which 

 he took the tribute-money, ' the inventors of the 

 legend never adverting to the improbability of a 

 marine fish living in the fresh-water lake of Gen- 

 nesaret.' The haddock, indeed, i- not found even 

 in the Mediterranean. Nor does it enter the 

 Baltic, although plentiful in the northern parts of 

 the Atlantic Ocean, both on the European and 

 the American coasts. On the British coasts it is 

 abundant almost everywhere, appearing in great 

 shoals at particular seasons, but in size and quality 

 the haddocks taken at one part of the coast differ 

 much from those of another. Those of the east 

 coast, and particularly those caught in deep water, 

 are in great esteem, and those of Dublin Bay are 

 remarkable for their large size. A haddock of 16 

 Ib. has been taken in Dublin Bay. Generally, 

 however, this fish is much smaller. It is taken 

 both by trawl-nets and lines. The usual bait for 

 the long lines used to catch this fish on the east 

 coast of Britain is mussel The haddock, when 



