H^EMODORACE^E 



HAFIZ 



{ rather a symptom than a disease, and, although 

 . s of some gravity, it is not very often directly 

 fatal. Where it is necessary to treat the symptom 

 itself complete KM i- MTV iin]H>rtant ; the bowels 

 iua\ require to l>e freely moved ; and styptics, 

 such as er^ot or pei chloride of iron, may be taken 

 by tin- mouth, the former in thirty-drop doses of 

 tin- liuuid extract, the latter in twenty-drop doses 

 of the tincture, every two or three hours. 



ll.TPMUloraoea', an order of monocotyledons, 

 consisting of ln-rli.-u-i-ous plants with fibrous roots 

 ami sword-shaped leaves; differing from Iridaceu* 

 in habit, and in having the stamens six in number, 

 or, if only three, opposite to the petals. There are 

 about titty known species, cnieflv natives of 

 America, South Africa, and Australia. Some of 

 them have beautiful liliaceous flowers. A red 

 colour exists in the roots of some ; hence the name 

 Blood -root has been given to them (see SANGUIN- 

 AKI \ i. In this order are ranked the Vellozias or 



Tree lilies. 



ll;rnioKlobin. See BLOOD. 



ll;rmopliilia. or the haemorrhagic diathesis, is 

 the name applied to a constitutional peculiarity 

 which manifests itself in a tendency to excessive 

 bleeding when any blood-vessel is injured. In 

 those wlio suffer from it (bleeders) a slight bruise 

 may cause extensive extravasation of blood ; a 

 small cut or the extraction of a tooth may lead to 

 dangerous or even fatal hiemorrhage. It is not 

 known whether it is to the blood or the blood- 

 vessels of those affected that the faulty arrest of 

 bleeding is due. The condition is strongly heredi- 

 tary ; and, though it rarely affects women, is often 

 transmitted in the female line. No cure is known 

 for it. 



II. TIII op lysis (Gr. ptysis, 'spitting'), expector- 

 ation of blood, a symptom of disease of the lungs 

 or heart, in all cases of great importance, and requir- 

 ing immediate, attention, but apt to be viewed 

 popularly with a somewhat exaggerated alarm. It 

 is seldom directly fatal, but it is often the first 

 announcement of phthisis, and it is a matter of 

 common prudence to seek medical advice on the 

 appearance of even the slightest tinge of blood in 

 the expectoration. Blood which comes from the 

 lungs is coughed up, and it is generally bright and 

 frothy. Blood from the stomach is vomited, and 

 has the appearance of coffee grounds or hare soup 

 from the action of the gastric juice on it. See 

 BLKEDINO. 



Haemorrhage* See BLEEDING; and for 

 Icniiorrhagic diathesis, see DIATHESIS, ILEMO- 



PHILIA. 



Haemorrhoids. See PILES. 



ll;rmiis. MOUNT. See BALKAN PENINSULA. 



Hall', a word derived from the Danish hav, 

 meaning 'sea,' and used to designate three 

 lagoons along the Prussian coast of the Baltic 

 vi/.. Stettiner or I'ommersches Haff, Frisches Haff, 

 and Kurisches Haff. Huff-fishing or haaf-fishing 

 is a term used by the Shetlanders to signify deep- 

 sea fishing. 



llali/. the poetical name of Shems ed-Din (i.e. 

 Sun of the Faith) Muhammed, the greatest of 

 Persian lyrical poets, was l>orn at Shtrdz, where 

 he passed all his life and died, according to the 

 inscription on his tomb, 791 A.H. (1388 A.D. ), 

 though the year of his death is also given by 

 different authors as 792 and 794 A.H. The date 

 of his, birth is not known. His takJiallus Ha fix. 

 signifies one who is learned in the Koran and the 

 Hadiths, or savings ascrilied to Mohammed. Little 

 is recorded of his life, which, indeed, seems to 

 have In-en uneventful. It is probable that he 

 was married, but nothing is known regarding his 



domestic life. It would appear, from an anecdote 

 related bv Ferishtah, that Had/ once intended 

 making a long and distant journey, not wit list and ing 

 lii- -tav-at home proclivities. The sultan Mali mud 

 Sh;ih Itahmani, who ruled in the Deccan, invited 

 i In- poet to his court, and accompanied his flattering 

 invitation witli a sum of money amply sufficient to 

 defray his expenses. Hdfiz had proceeded as far a* 

 Ldr, on the direct route from Snirdz to Ormuz, a 

 port on the Persian Culf, whence he could obtain 

 a much shorter and easier passage bv sea to the 

 Deccan, and there he met with an old friend, who 

 had been recently plundered by a gang of roblers, 

 and generously gave him a share o? his money. A 

 party of merchants conveyed him to Onmiz. where 

 he embarked in a vessel bound for the Deccan. 

 But before the anchor was weighed he was so much 

 terrified at a storm which suddenly arose, that he 

 abandoned his purpose and returned to Shiraz, 

 after despatching a letter of apology to the chief 

 vazir, together with an ode. 



According to a curious legend, Hdfiz obtained his 

 poetical faculty from the mythical saint, or prophet, 

 El-Khizar ( so called from his green robe, the emblem 

 of perennial youth ), who appeared to him, after he 

 had passed several nights in watching for the 

 coming of that tutelary friend of the Faithful, and 

 who bestowed on him a draught of the \Vater of Life, 

 thus inspiring him with the gift of song. From the 

 charming sweetness of his poetry, Hafiz was fondly 

 styled by his admiring contemporaries Chagarlab, 

 or Sugar-lip. His ghazals are, externally, all on 

 sensuous subjects wine, flowers, beautiful damsels, 

 &c., and hence he is often termed by Europeans the 

 Anacreon of Persia ; but, while the common people, 

 who have most of his verses by heart and constantly 

 repeat them, regard them simply as love-songs, 

 they yet possess an esoteric signification to the 

 initiated, the objects of the physical world being 

 employed to denote those which are visible only to 

 the inward sight. That is to say, Hafiz, in common 

 with nearly all the greater poets of Persia, was of 

 the sect of Sufi philosophers, the mystics of Islam, 

 who are altogether free from Mohammedan fanati- 

 cism, and ' claim to be in so intimate a communion 

 with the Deity, through devotion and the cultiva- 

 tion of their higher and nobler feelings, that they 

 can afford to rise superior to the petty details 

 of dogma and superstition.' From the mvstical 

 element in his poems, Hdfiz is also called LMtm 

 el-Ghayd (the voice of Mystery). But, apart from 

 any esoteric signification, it has been well remarked 

 that ' to ignore the fact that natural feelings and 

 sentiments, the contemplation of natural l>eauty 

 and the enjoyment of human, intellectual, and 

 corporeal pleasures, suggested the various ex- 

 pressions of admiration, love, or wit which these 

 poems contain, would be contrary to the dictates 

 of common sense." In short, the key to the inter- 

 pretation of the songs of Hnfiz is to be sought in 

 a combination of materialism and sufiism. 



Sir Gore Ouseley has remarked that the style of 

 Hdfiz 'is clear, unaffected, and harmonious, dis- 

 playing at the same time great learning, matured 

 science, and intimate knowledge of the hidden as 

 well as the apparent nature of things ; but, above 

 all, a fascination of expression unequalled by any 

 other [? Persian lyrical] poet.' The name of Hdfiz 

 is a household word throughout Persia, and his 

 songs are cited in every social assembly, so that he 

 who can most frequently quote from Hdfiz a passage 

 appropriate to the subject of conversation is held 

 in the highest esteem and admiration. Indeed such 

 reputation did his ghazals acquire that his Dinm. 

 or collection, was resorted to in order to gather 

 from it fatiras, or decrees of fate and judicial 

 decisions, in like manner as the Sorter Virgilifntat 

 were practised in Europe during medieval times. 



